Chapter 11.12
PRESERVATION OF TREES AND VIEWS
Sections:
11.12.050 Enforcement and penalties.
Prior ordinance history: Ords. 812 and 912.
11.12.010 Purpose and intent.
The general plan of the City recognizes the contribution of both trees and views to the character and beauty of the City. The removal of trees without reasonable care would destroy the natural beauty of certain areas, contribute to erosion, increase the costs of drainage systems, reduce protection against wind, and impair residential privacy and quiet. This chapter acknowledges that trees and views, and the benefits derived from each, may come into conflict. This chapter presents guidelines to resolve such conflicts so as to provide a reasonable balance between tree- and view-related values. It is the intent of this chapter to provide an atmosphere in which residents of this community can resolve their differences amongst themselves without City intervention. For these reasons, the City Council enacts these regulations to promote the public health, safety and welfare. All tree work to be performed shall be in accordance to pruning standards of the International Society of Arboriculture Western Chapter. (ISA copies available at Community Development Department.)
In reviewing applications and claims pursuant to this chapter, the duties of the Planning Commission will be:
A. To consider removal/alteration permits and view claim arbitrations pursuant to this chapter;
B. To serve as an administration decision-maker in adjudicating disputes arising between claimants and tree owners, to make findings on such disputes, to determine an appropriate resolution to such disputes and to require corrective actions in conformity with its findings and determinations pursuant to this chapter;
C. To recommend programs, policies and ordinances to implement and support the City’s goals as set out herein; and
D. To encourage and promote the planting and proper husbandry of trees throughout the City and to discourage the maintenance of trees that unduly diminish desirable views as well as the planting and maintenance of certain species. [Ord. 1246 § 3, 2017; Ord. 1107 § 1, 1995; Ord. 1050 § 1, 1989.]
11.12.020 Definitions.
As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth in this section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
A. “Alterations” means any action which would significantly change or damage the health or appearance of any tree, whether (1) by cutting of its trunk or branches, (2) by filling or surfacing or changing the drainage of the soil around the tree, (3) by the cutting or removal of roots, (4) by removal of the upper portion of the tree’s trunk or main leader, or (5) by any other damaging acts.
B. “Arborist” means:
1. A certified arborist, as currently listed by the International Society of Arboriculture; or
2. A consulting arborist, as currently listed as a member of the American Society of Consulting Arborists.
C. “Arborist report” means the report of a certified or consulting arborist on the feasibility and impact of suggested tree work.
D. “D.B.H. (diameter at breast height)” means the tree trunk’s diameter as measured at four and one-half feet above the ground; for multi-trunked trees, the diameter of the two largest trunks combined.
E. “Claimant” means any individual or group of individuals who files a claim as required by the provisions of this chapter.
F. “Feasible tree work” means tree work in which the first priority is the health and appearance of the tree.
G. “Hedge” means any plant material, trees, stump growth or shrubbery planted or growing in a dense continuous line, so as to form a thicket, barrier or living fence.
H. “Meeting, noticed” means a meeting of which adjacent residents and property owners are notified by the City.
I. “Obstruction” means any blocking or diminishment of a view or sunlight attributable to the growth, appearance, maintenance or location of trees.
J. “Pruning” means normal, seasonal maintenance pruning, trimming, shaping or thinning of a tree necessary to its health, growth and view maintenance. Foliage reduction should not exceed one quarter of the total tree foliage.
K. “Restorative action” means any specific requirement to resolve a view claim.
L. “Routine pruning” means the removal of any dead parts of a tree.
M. “Shrubs” or “shrubbery” means a woody perennial plant smaller than a tree, usually having permanent stems branching from or near the ground.
N. “Thinning” means the selective removal of entire branches from a tree so as to improve visibility through the tree and/or improve the tree’s structural condition.
O. “Topping” means removal of the upper portion of a tree’s trunk or main leader.
P. “Tree” means a highly compartmented, perennial, woody, shedding plant that is usually tall, single-stemmed and long-lived. For purposes of this chapter, trees are of the following classes:
1. “Dedicated tree” means a tree which has special significance as provided for by resolution of the City Council;
2. “Desirable tree” means a tree that has been approved for the specific location by the Planning Commission or City Engineer, in consultation with an arborist acting on behalf of the City;
3. “Fast-growing tree” means a tree developing three feet or more in height in yearly growth;
4. “Heritage tree” means a tree which has a D.B.H. of 10 inches. No “undesirable tree,” as defined in this chapter, is a heritage tree;
5. Protected Tree. “Protected trees” are those listed below:
a. On all private property:
i. The California or Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) measuring four inches D.B.H. or larger;
ii. Heritage trees; and
iii. Dedicated trees;
b. On private undeveloped property, a tree measuring four inches D.B.H., or larger;
c. All trees and shrubs on City-owned property;
d. No undesirable tree is a protected tree;
6. “Undesirable tree” is one of the following:
a. Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum eucalyptus);
b. Pinus radiata (Monterey pine);
c. Cupressus macrocarpa (Monterey cypress);
d. Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood);
e. Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood acacia);
f. Acacia baileyana (Bailey acacia);
g. Acacia decurrens (green wattle)
Q. “Planning Commission” means the Commission established under SMC 2.20.010.
R. “Tree owner” means any individual owning real property in the City upon whose land are trees that form the basis for the filing of a view claim.
S. “Tree removal” means the destruction of any tree by cutting, girdling, interfering with the water supply, applying chemicals or regrading around the base of the trunk.
T. “Tree worker” means a certified tree worker, as currently listed by the International Society of Arboriculture.
U. “Undeveloped property” includes:
1. A parcel of private land of which less than 10 percent is covered by a structure, including but not limited to residential lots;
2. A parcel of land which can be further divided in accordance with the zoning regulations of the City;
3. A parcel of land on which the structures are about to undergo demolition or relocation.
V. “View” means a vista of San Francisco-Richardson Bay, neighboring communities, surrounding hills or a nearby or distant wooded area from the primary living areas of the home. “Views” include, but are not limited to, skylines, bridges, distant cities, geologic features, hillside terrains and wooded canyons or ridges. The term “view” does not mean an unobstructed panorama of all or any of the above.
W. “View claim” means the written basis for arbitration or court action under the provisions of this chapter, submitted by the claimant. [Ord. 1246 § 3, 2017; Ord. 1205 §§ 51, 52, 2012; Ord. 1107 § 1, 1995; Ord. 1050 § 1, 1989.]
11.12.030 Protected trees.
A. Permit Procedures for Removal or Alteration of Protected Trees. It is unlawful for any person to remove or alter any protected tree, as defined herein, without a permit issued and posted as provided in this chapter except for the purpose of routine pruning. No protected tree may be removed or altered on any undeveloped property on Saturday, Sunday or holidays or at any time except during regular working hours (8:00 a.m. through 5:00 p.m.), Monday through Friday.
1. Applicant’s Responsibility.
a. Application. A tree removal/alteration permit shall be obtained from the Community Development Department in any situation which involves the removal or alteration or possible damage to a protected tree or trees, including issuance of a permit for building, grading or demolition. The permit application must be accompanied by an arborist report stating the need for tree removal or alteration based on the criteria set forth in subsection B of this section, and recommending protective measures for any endangered tree. If the applicant is not the owner of the property on which the tree or trees are located, the applicant shall attach the written permission of the property owner.
b. Posting of Application and Tree Tags. After submission of an application under this section, the applicant shall be issued tree tags, one of which is to be posted on each tree proposed for removal or alteration. Within two working days after making an application for a tree removal or alteration permit, the applicant shall place the tags on the trees and post the application so that it is clearly visible from the street at the front of the lot. The tags and notice shall not be removed for 10 working days thereafter.
c. Posting of Permit. Following issuance of a tree removal permit, an applicant shall post a copy in plain view on the site while tree removal or alteration work is underway.
d. Filing Fee. The applicant shall pay the filing fee established by the City Council for a tree removal or alteration permit.
2. City’s Responsibility. The Community Development Department shall be responsible for receiving applications for protected tree removal and/or alteration permits, for confirming that the required information has been provided by the applicant, and for issuing tree tags and notices to the applicant. The Community Development Department shall route all tree removal/alteration applications and arborist’s reports to:
a. The Planning Commission if the protected tree or trees are on private, developed property;
b. The City Engineer if the tree(s) are on public property.
Site inspection shall be made by the responsible reviewing agency and written comments received regarding the application shall be considered. The responsible reviewing agency may require submission by the applicant of a site plan and/or survey or such other information as is deemed necessary by the responsible reviewing agency.
B. Criteria for Grant or Denial of Application for Removal or Alteration of Protected Trees.
1. In order to grant a tree removal or alteration permit, it must be determined that removal or alteration is necessary in order to accomplish any one of the following objectives:
a. To ensure the public safety as it relates to the health of the tree, potential hazard to life or property, proximity to existing or proposed structures, and interference with utilities or sewers;
b. To allow reasonable enjoyment of the property, including sunlight, and the right to develop the property;
c. To take reasonable advantage of views;
d. To pursue good, professional practices of forestry or landscape design.
2. In order to grant a tree removal permit, it must be determined that one of the following conditions is satisfied:
a. The tree to be removed will be replaced by a desirable tree; or
b. The applicant is required to pay a tree replacement fee in the amount established by City Council resolution; or
c. The Planning Commission waives the requirements in subsections (B)(2)(a) and (b) of this section based on information provided by the applicant/owner.
3. A finding of any one of the following is grounds for denial, regardless of the finding in subsection (B)(2)(a) of this section:
a. Removal of a healthy tree of a desired species can be avoided by:
i. Reasonable redesign of the site plan, prior to construction;
ii. Thinning to reduce density, e.g., open windows;
iii. Shaping to reduce height or spread, using thinning cuts only (drop crotch);
iv. Heading or topping – this is the least preferable method, due to the tree’s health and appearance and cost of maintenance.
b. Adequate provisions for drainage, erosion control, land stability, windscreen, visual screening, privacy and for restoration of ground cover and/or other foliage damaged by the tree work have not been made in situations where such problems are anticipated as a result of the removal or alteration.
c. The tree to be removed is a member of a group of trees in which each tree is dependent upon the others for survival.
d. The value of the tree to the neighborhood is greater than its inconvenience to the owner. The effects on visual, auditory, and wind screening, privacy and neighboring vegetation must be considered.
e. The need for protection of privacy for the property on which the tree is located and/or for adjacent properties.
C. Conditions of Approval for Protecting Trees During Construction. Adequate protection shall be provided during the construction period for any protected trees which are to remain standing. Measures deemed necessary by the reviewing agency in consideration of the size, species, condition and location of the protected trees to remain may include any of the following:
1. Before the start of any clearing, excavation, construction or other work on the site, every protected tree deemed to be endangered by the work shall be securely fenced off at the “protected perimeter,” which shall be either the outer limits of the branches of such protected tree (the drip line) or such greater limits as may be established by the reviewing agency. Such fences shall remain in place for the duration of all such work. All protected trees to be removed shall be clearly marked. A plan shall be established for the removal and disposal of logs, brush, earth and other debris which will avoid injury to any protected tree.
2. Where proposed development or other site work is to encroach upon the protected perimeter of any protected tree, special measures shall be incorporated to allow the roots to breathe and obtain water and nutrients. Any excavation, cutting, filling, or compaction of the existing ground surface within the protected perimeter shall be minimized. No asphalt or other paving materials shall be added. No change in existing ground levels shall occur within four feet of the base of any protected tree at any time. No burning or use of equipment with an open flame shall occur near or within the protected perimeter.
3. No storage or dumping of oil, gas, chemicals or other substances that may be harmful to trees shall occur within the protected perimeter of any protected trees, or any other location on the site from which such substances might enter the protected perimeter. No heavy construction equipment or construction materials shall be operated or stored within the protected perimeter. Wires shall not be attached to any protected tree, except as needed for support of the tree. No sign, other than a tag showing the botanical classification, shall be attached to any protected tree.
4. Periodically during construction, the leaves of the protected trees shall be thoroughly sprayed with water to prevent buildup of dust and other pollution that would inhibit transpiration.
5. If any damage to a protected tree should occur during or as a result of work on the site, the contractor, builder or owner shall promptly notify the City of such damage. If such a protected tree cannot be preserved in a healthy state, the reviewing agency shall require replacement of any protected tree removed with another tree or trees on the same site deemed adequate to compensate for the loss of the tree that is removed.
D. Issuance of Permit. Consideration of and action on the permit application shall be made by the board or official to whom the permit application is routed in accordance with subsection (A)(2) of this section, and that board or official shall either approve, conditionally approve or deny the permit with reason for such action stated. If an application for tree removal/alteration is approved, a permit shall be issued to the applicant by the Community Development Department in conjunction with any other permit related to the work in question. However, no tree removal/alteration permit will be issued until all related building permits are approved.
E. Liabilities.
1. The issuance and exercise of a permit pursuant to this chapter shall not be deemed to establish any public use or access not already in existence with regard to the property to which the permit applies.
2. The issuance of a permit pursuant to this chapter shall not create any liability of the City with regard to the work to be performed, and the applicant for such permit shall hold harmless the City and its officers and employees from any damage or injury that may occur in connection with, or resulting from, such work.
F. Emergency Tree Removal or Alteration. If personal injury or property damage is imminently threatened (meaning that the likelihood of failure is “probable” or “imminent” and the risk (severity of consequences to life or property) if failure occurs is “high” or “extreme” using protocols established by the International Society of Arboriculture), the Fire Chief, the Chief of Police or the City Engineer in consultation with an arborist may authorize the removal or alteration of a protected tree without compliance with other provisions of this chapter. The removal or alteration of a protected tree under emergency conditions shall be reported to the Community Development Department on the first business day following the emergency tree work.
G. Public Utilities Pruning. A yearly tree removal permit shall be required for removal or alteration of protected trees as defined in this chapter by any public utility, emergencies excepted. This permit may be revoked at any time if the following conditions are not met:
1. The Community Development Department or Office of the City Engineer must be informed of all pruning, detailing street addresses, tree types and extent of work, two weeks in advance of the work date;
2. A weekly work location must be provided to the City Engineer for each crew so that the work can be supervised;
3. All work must be under the daily supervision of an arborist and the work actually performed by either an arborist or a tree worker; and
4. Defined pruning methods must be used for all utility pruning work; a copy is available at the Community Development Department and Office of the City Engineer.
H. Appeal of Denied Permit Applications. The decision of the Planning Commission is final with regard to applications subject to their jurisdiction. With regard to applications subject to the jurisdiction of the City Engineer the decision of the City Engineer may be appealed as follows:
The Community Development Department and Office of the City Engineer shall maintain a list of three arborists qualified to make determinations required of this section. Those on the list shall be arborists who have established through reputation in the community the ability to be fair and impartial in making determinations required in this section and who have agreed to serve as arbiters for the purpose of implementing this section. A party aggrieved by the decision of the City Engineer may request that the City select one of the three listed arbiters/arborists to reconsider the application (so long as the selected arbiter/arborist has had no prior involvement with the instant application). The aggrieved party will be required to pay the fee of the arbiter/arborist in advance and the City shall then select the arbiter from the list on a rotational basis. The arbiter/arborist will consider the merits of the application pursuant to the provisions of this section, and will render a decision in writing either approving the application, conditionally approving the application, or denying the application. The decision of the arbiter/arborist will be final.
There is no City Council appeal of the decision of any board, official or arbiter/arborist of any tree removal application made pursuant to this section. [Ord. 1286 § 1, 2022; Ord. 1246 § 3, 2017; Ord. 1114 § 1, 1995; Ord. 1107 § 1, 1995; Ord. 1050 § 1, 1989.]
11.12.040 Views.
A. Unreasonable Obstruction of View or Sunlight Prohibited. A tree, shrub, hedge, or other vegetation shall not be maintained in such manner as to unreasonably obstruct the view from or the sunlight reaching other property.
B. Procedure – Private Tree.
1. Initial Reconciliation. Any claimant who believes in good faith that the growth, maintenance and/or location of trees, shrubs, hedges or other vegetation situated on the property of another unreasonably diminishes the beneficial use, economic value, sunlight or enjoyment of the view from the claimant’s property shall notify the tree owner in writing of these concerns. The claimant should consult an arborist and obtain a report for a feasible solution to the view problem. The notification to the tree owner should include the arborist’s report, and should also be accompanied by personal discussions, if possible, to enable the claimant and the tree owner to attempt to reach a mutually agreeable solution, both long-term and short-term, to the alleged unreasonable obstruction. If any tree involved is a protected tree, a tree removal/alteration permit must be obtained prior to work being done.
2. Mediation. If the initial reconciliation attempt is unsuccessful, and all parcels involved are private property, the complaining party shall propose mediation. Acceptance of mediation shall be voluntary, but the tree owner shall have no more than 30 days from service of a written request for mediation to accept or reject the offer of mediation, unless otherwise extended by complainant. If mediation is accepted, the parties shall mutually agree upon a mediator within 10 days.
It is recommended that the services of a professionally trained mediator or mediation service be employed. The City shall provide, upon request, for review and consideration for selection by the parties a list of mediators and mediation services accompanied by the qualifications provided by such individuals or entities. The fee for mediation services will be determined by the mediator and the parties. The mediator shall not have the power to issue binding orders for restorative action but shall strive to enable the parties to resolve their dispute at this stage in order to eliminate the need for binding arbitration, fact finding and advisory decision, or litigation. If any tree involved is a protected tree, a tree removal/alteration permit must be obtained prior to work being done.
3. Arbitration. In those cases where the parties are unable to reach agreement through the initial reconciliation process or with the assistance of a mediator, either the claimant or the tree owner may offer in writing to the other party to submit the dispute to binding arbitration. The initiating party shall serve on the other party by personal service or certified mail, return receipt requested, an agreement executed by the initiating party to submit the dispute to binding arbitration. If the non-initiating party concurs, he/she shall execute the agreement within 30 days from service. Failure to execute the agreement shall be deemed a rejection of binding arbitration.
If the agreement is accepted, the initiating party shall submit a view claim to the City of Sausalito Community Development Department. The filing fee for such a claim shall be established by the City Council. The Planning Commission serves as a board of arbitration at a noticed public meeting which shall be held within 45 days from the date of the filing of the view claim. The arbitration proceeding shall be based on available evidence and testimony. Either party to the action may either be represented by an arborist or present an arborist’s written report to the Planning Commission 15 days prior to the meeting date. The Planning Commission may recommend the services of other experts to either or all parties. Each party shall have the right to present witnesses and to question witnesses presented by any other party. The Planning Commission shall reasonably attempt, as a group, to inspect the premises of both the claimant and the tree owner(s) prior to the arbitration meeting.
The Planning Commission shall submit a written decision to the parties. The decision shall include the Planning Commission’s findings with respect to the standards listed in subsections (C)(3) and (4) of this section and required restorative actions. All mandated restorative actions shall be initiated within 30 days of the rendition of the arbitration report, unless the health of the growth involved mandates a later date. The written decision of the Planning Commission mandating restorative action shall constitute the tree removal/alteration permit required for the specified work. The decision of the Planning Commission shall be final and binding and enforceable pursuant to the provisions of Code of Civil Procedure Section 1280 et seq.
4. Fact Finding and Advisory Decision. In those cases where the parties are unable to reach agreement through the initial reconciliation process or with the assistance of a mediator or agree to binding arbitration, the claimant or the tree owner may elect fact finding and an advisory decision of the Planning Commission. The applicant shall submit a view claim to the City of Sausalito Community Development Department. The filing fee for such a claim shall be established by the City Council. The Planning Commission serves as the fact finding board and shall render an advisory decision to the parties. A noticed public meeting shall be held within 45 days from the date of the filing of the view claim. The proceeding shall be based on available evidence and testimony. Either party to the action may either be represented by an arborist or present an arborist’s written report to the Planning Commission 15 days prior to the meeting date. The Planning Commission may recommend the services of other experts to either or all parties. The Planning Commission shall reasonably attempt as a group to inspect the premises of both the claimant and the tree owner(s) prior to the arbitration meeting.
The proceeding need not be postponed if any party refuses permission to inspect the premises or refuses to participate in the proceeding and produce evidence.
The Planning Commission shall submit a written advisory decision to the parties. The decision shall include the Planning Commission’s findings with respect to the standards listed in subsections (C)(3) and (4) of this section and recommended restorative actions as well as recommending allocation of costs for the same. In the event litigation is required to enforce the decision of the Planning Commission, there shall be a rebuttable presumption in favor of the Planning Commission’s decision. The party bringing any private civil action under this chapter must promptly notify the City of Sausalito Community Development Department in writing of such action. Such notification shall be placed in the property file of the properties where the trees are located.
C. Arbitration of View Claim.
1. Responsibility of Claimant in Arbitration. The claimant shall submit a view claim on a form prescribed by the City. The report of an arborist shall be submitted with the view claim. If the claimant is not the owner of the property to be benefited by the claim, the claimant shall attach the written permission of the affected property owner.
2. Responsibilities of Planning Commission in Arbitration. The Planning Commission:
a. Shall conduct a site visit as a group to properties involved.
b. May request additional data.
c. Shall conduct a public hearing on the view claim. At least 10 days prior to the hearing, notice shall be mailed to the affected parties and to the owners of the property within a radius of 100 feet of the boundaries of the property upon which the trees are located. Notice of the hearing shall also be published and posted at City Hall at least 10 days prior to the hearing.
d. Shall record in the County Recorder’s office any final decision of the Planning Commission which provides for limitations on the property of a tree owner.
3. Standards for Resolution of Claims in Arbitration. The Planning Commission shall, as a group, inspect the premises of both claimant(s) and tree owner(s) to verify the nature and extent of the alleged view obstruction. For purposes of this section, the Planning Commission and/or any involved arborist may enter upon the property of either or both parties. The Planning Commission shall evaluate the standards set forth below based on the site visit, the property file on record at City Hall, the submitted data and the public meeting:
a. The character of the view:
i. The vantage point from which the view is sought.
ii. The extent to which the view might be diminished by factors other than growth involved in the claim.
iii. The extent of the view that existed at the time claimant(s) purchased the property. (Is the party attempting to create, enhance or restore a view?)
b. The character of the view obstruction:
i. The extent of the alleged view obstruction as percentage of the total view (estimate).
ii. The impact on the beneficial use, economic value and enjoyment of the claimant’s property caused by the growth.
c. The extent of benefits and/or burdens derived from the growth in question:
i. The visual quality, including but not limited to species, size, growth, form and vigor.
ii. Location with respect to overall appearance, design and/or use of the tree owner’s property.
iii. Visual, auditory, and wind screening and privacy provided by the growth to the owner and the neighbors.
iv. Effects on neighboring vegetation provided by the growth.
v. The impact of the beneficial use, economic value and enjoyment of the tree owner’s property caused by the growth.
d. Restorative actions shall be limited to the following:
i. No action.
ii. Thinning to reduce density, e.g., open windows.
iii. Shaping to reduce height or spread, using thinning cuts only (drop crotch).
iv. Heading or topping.
v. Tree removal with necessary replacement planting.
e. Each type of restorative action shall be evaluated based on the above findings and with consideration given to the following factors:
i. The effectiveness of the restorative action in restoring the view.
ii. Any adverse impact of the restorative action on the benefits derived from the growth in question.
iii. The cost of the restorative action as obtained from the view claim. The Planning Commission may determine that additional estimates are required.
iv. The effects upon the privacy of the tree owner. Values of quiet and privacy should receive equal consideration with values of view and sunlight.
f. All restorative actions shall be undertaken with consideration given to the following factors:
i. All restorative actions must be consistent with subsections (C)(3)(d) and (e) of this section.
ii. Restorative actions shall be limited to shaping, thinning, and/or heading of branches where possible.
iii. When shaping and/or thinning of branches is not a feasible solution, heading or topping shall be preferable to tree removal if it is determined that the impact of topping does not destroy the visual proportions of the tree, adversely affect the tree’s growth pattern or health, or otherwise constitute a detriment to the tree in question (arborist’s advice required).
iv. Tree removal shall only be considered when all other restorative actions are judged to be ineffective. Replacement planting can be required on the property of the parties.
v. An arborist’s report is required in determining the nature and cost of replacement plant materials, installation of such plant materials, and time required for such plant materials to become well established.
vi. In those cases where tree removal eliminates or significantly reduces the tree owner’s benefit of visual screening, wind screening or privacy, replacement screen plantings shall, at the tree owner’s option, be established prior to tree removal; notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (C)(3)(e) of this section, the tree owner may elect tree removal with replacement planting as an alternative to shaping, thinning, heading or topping.
vii. All shaping, thinning, heading, topping and tree removal required under this chapter must be performed under the daily supervision of an arborist.
4. Implementation of Decision. Within 30 days of the arbitration decision, the tree owner will obtain at least three bids for the prescribed work from arborists and shall present all bids to claimant. Within 15 days after presentation of the bids, the claimant shall deposit with the tree owner an amount equal to the percentage of the lowest bid deemed appropriate by the Planning Commission. The tree owner shall, at his or her sole discretion, choose the company by which he or she wishes the work done and shall order the work done within 15 days after receiving the claimant’s deposit. The tree owner shall pay the difference between the deposit amount and the bid amount of the company he has chosen. The authorized work of correction shall be done by an arborist under the sole direction and control of the tree owner.
5. Allocation of Costs in Arbitration. To be determined by the arbitration commission according to the standards set forth under subsections (C)(3) and (4) of this section, and the individual circumstances brought before the commission.
D. Procedure for City Trees. The Planning Commission does not have jurisdiction over claims concerning trees on public property. The procedures for handling claims concerning trees on public property are as set forth in this subsection.
1. Filing of View Claim. A claimant who believes in good faith that the growth, maintenance, or location of trees situated on City property diminishes the beneficial use, economic value, sunlight, or enjoyment of views naturally accruing to the claimant’s property may apply to the City on a form approved by the City. The application form shall be accompanied by a filing fee as established by the City Council. If the claimant is not the owner of the property that is proposed to benefit from this claim, the claimant shall attach the written permission of the property owner.
2. Investigation. Upon receipt of a view claim, the City Engineer, in consultation with an arborist acting on behalf of the City, shall investigate the claim and shall consider the public interest in maintaining the public environment created by the existing trees and landscaping; additionally, the City Engineer may take into consideration the standards set forth in subsection (C)(3) of this section and shall issue his or her decision to the claimant within 30 days of receiving the view claim. The decision of the City Engineer shall be in writing but no findings are required. Appeal of the decision of the City Engineer shall be as set forth in SMC 11.12.030(H).
3. Public Posting and Input. All City trees affected by a view claim shall be individually tagged by the City within five working days of receipt of a complete view claim. Such notices shall be posted in clear view of passersby, and shall contain the phone number which citizens can call to obtain information regarding the view claim. All written public input received by the City shall be considered.
4. Restorative Action. All view claims found by the City to be valid shall be subject to restorative action in accordance with subsection (C)(3)(d) of this section. Restorative action shall be as recommended by and performed under the daily supervision of an arborist selected by the City and under City supervision. The restorative action including the costs of the arborist services shall be paid by the claimant. [Ord. 1246 § 3, 2017; Ord. 1122, 1997; Ord. 1107 § 1, 1995; Ord. 1050 § 1, 1989.]
11.12.050 Enforcement and penalties.
A. Stop Work Order. The City’s Enforcement Officer (as defined in SMC 1.10.020, 1.05.060(B) or by the City Manager) is authorized to issue a stop work order to any person found to be removing or altering a protected tree without proper authorization pursuant to this chapter.
B. Administrative Fines and Remedial Orders. In addition to all other civil and criminal remedies available to the City to address violations of this chapter, the City may impose an administrative fine and/or a remedial order upon any person who is found to have committed a violation of any provision of SMC 11.12.030 pursuant to the administrative procedures set forth in this section. The determination whether to impose an administrative fine and/or remedial order shall be at the sole discretion of the City and shall not preclude the City from pursuing other available legal remedies.
1. Definitions. As used in this section, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
a. “Person” means any individual or entity found to be responsible for a violation, including but not limited to the owner or lessee of the property upon which the violation takes place, as well as any contractor or employee who is hired to perform alteration or removal of any tree.
b. “Enforcement Officer” means any employee or agent of the City with the authority to enforce any provision of this chapter, as designated by SMC 1.10.020, 1.05.060(B) or by the City Manager.
2. Administrative Citations. When an Enforcement Officer determines that there has been an unauthorized removal or alteration of a protected tree in violation of any provision of SMC 11.12.030, the Enforcement Officer is authorized to issue an administrative citation to the person responsible for the violation.
3. Documentation. To the extent feasible, the Enforcement Officer issuing the citation shall document the circumstances surrounding the violation and assemble relevant information such as photographic evidence, witness statements, and notes regarding the Enforcement Officer’s observations.
4. Contents of Citation. The administrative citation shall contain the following information:
a. The date of the violation;
b. The address or other description of the location where the violation occurred;
c. A brief description of the administrative citation process as set forth in this subsection, including a statement informing the violator of the potential penalties and that a decision regarding the citation will be made by the Planning Commission, subject to appeal to the City Council;
d. A statement that judicial review of a final decision following an administrative appeal regarding the citation must occur within the 20-day time frame set forth in Government Code Section 53069.4(b); and
e. The name and signature of the Enforcement Officer.
5. Scheduling of Public Hearing – Notice – Dismissal of Citation. The Enforcement Officer shall schedule a public hearing to take place not earlier than 21 and not later than 60 days after the date of the citation. If the citation concerns activities on private property and the owner of the affected property has a development application pending before the City, the Planning Commission or City Council shall conduct the public hearing depending to whom the development application is before. If not, the Planning Commission shall conduct the public hearing. The person cited with the violation shall be given at least 21 days’ prior notice of the public hearing. If the person cited for the violation fails to appear at the hearing, an administrative fine and/or order to perform remedial work may be imposed in the person’s absence.
6. Method of Service. All notices required pursuant to this section shall be served as follows:
a. Notice shall be served by personal service or by certified mail, return receipt requested. Notice shall be effective upon mailing.
b. If personal service or service by certified mail is unsuccessful, notice shall be provided by posting at the property where the violation occurred. Notice shall be effective upon posting.
7. Conduct of Public Hearing. During the hearing, relevant evidence regarding the unauthorized tree alteration or removal and the tree’s value may be presented by the person cited with the violation, the Enforcement Officer, an arborist, and any other persons with knowledge or information regarding the violation or the tree’s value. The tree’s value may be determined with reference to standards established by the International Society of Arboriculture. The appropriate decision-making body, as determined pursuant to subsection (B)(5) of this section, shall hear the evidence and determine whether the violation occurred. If it is determined that a violation occurred, the decision-making body may impose an appropriate administrative fine and/or issue an order to perform remedial work.
8. Imposition of Administrative Fine – Remedial Order.
a. The decision-making body may impose an administrative fine for the violation of any provision of SMC 11.12.030, in an amount not to exceed a maximum of $1,000 for each illegal removal or alteration.
b. The decision-making body may order the violator to perform appropriate remedial work to mitigate the impact of the violation on the Sausalito community and affected property owners. Such remedial work may include installation of one or more trees or shrubs to replace those illegally altered or removed. The remedial work shall include installation and maintenance of trees of such size and number necessary to substantially restore the loss of privacy, environmental degradation and other damages which resulted from the unauthorized alteration or removal. The decision-making body may fashion an appropriate remedial order setting forth the location, number, size and species of replacement trees or shrubs, a schedule for completion of remedial work, and such other matters determined to be necessary and appropriate to mitigate the impact of the violation. A performance bond issued by a surety admitted in California shall be required at the violator’s sole expense and shall serve as security for the benefit of the City in an amount equal to 100 percent of the estimated cost of the remedial work. A maintenance bond issued by a surety admitted in California shall be required at the violator’s sole expense upon completion of the remedial work and shall serve as security for the benefit of the City for the violator’s obligation to maintain the remedial work for a period of 10 years. The bond shall be in an amount equal to 15 percent of the actual cost of the remedial work. The City may also require a maintenance agreement between the violator and the City to set forth the terms of maintaining the remedial work.
c. In determining the amount of an administrative fine and the scope and contents of a remedial order, the decision-making body may take any or all of the following factors into consideration:
i. The seriousness of the violation, including the value of the tree;
ii. The impact of the violation on the Sausalito community, environment and affected property owners;
iii. The duration of the violation;
iv. The frequency, recurrence and number of violations by the same violator;
v. The economic impact of the fine and/or remedial order on the violator;
vi. The good faith efforts of the violator to come into compliance, if applicable; and
vii. Such other factors as fairness and justice may dictate.
d. The decision-making body shall have the authority to impose an administrative fine, remedial order, or both, as determined appropriate after considering the factors set forth in subsection (B)(8)(c) of this section.
e. If the violation concerns activities on private property and while the owner of the affected property has a development application pending before the City, the Planning Commission, or the City Council as the case may be, may suspend processing of the development application to the extent permitted under Government Code Section 65950 et seq. and other State law governing the processing of development applications, and defer any final decision on the merits of the application until the violating party agrees to pay any administrative fine and comply with any remedial order issued by the Planning Commission or City Council. If the development application requires review by the Planning Commission or City Council, they may also attach conditions of approval as determined necessary to ensure compliance.
f. The decision of the Planning Commission regarding whether a violation has occurred and the imposition of any administrative fine and/or remedial order shall be appealable to the City Council by any interested person. Any such appeal shall be in writing and shall be filed with the City Clerk no later than 10 days following the date of the decision, stating the reasons for the appeal and providing the appeal fee as established by the City.
9. Collection of Administrative Fines – Enforcement of Compliance Orders.
a. Unless otherwise specified by the decision-making body or by the City Council on appeal, an administrative fine shall be due and payable 30 days following the date of the final administrative decision. Unpaid amounts shall accrue interest at the rate of 10 percent per annum from that date forward. The amount of the administrative fine shall be deemed to be increased by the amount of accrued interest and any recoverable administrative costs, as specified in subsection (B)(10) of this section. All moneys collected shall be deposited in a separate account to be designated for tree purposes by the City Council.
b. The City shall collect administrative fines and enforce remedial orders by utilizing any and all available legal remedies, including but not limited to the following:
i. Administrative fines are a debt owed to the City and are enforceable as a personal obligation of the violator.
ii. If the violator is a property owner, the City may invoke the lien procedures specified in subsection (B)(11) of this section against the property on which the violation occurred.
iii. The City may pursue any available legal action to enforce compliance with a remedial order or fine including without limitation seeking declaratory and/or injunctive relief.
10. Administrative Costs. The City may collect its administrative costs from any violator who fails to pay all administrative fines when due or fails to comply with any provision contained in a remedial order. The administrative costs shall include all expenses reasonably incurred in the City’s efforts to collect administrative fines and/or enforce a remedial order, including but not limited to staff time, legal fees, and out-of-pocket costs.
11. Lien Procedures.
a. Whenever the amount of any administrative fine, together with accrued interest and administrative costs, has not been satisfied in full within 90 days after following the date of the final administrative decision and has not been successfully challenged by a timely writ of mandate, the unpaid amount shall constitute a lien against the real property on which the violation occurred. The lien provided herein shall have no force and effect until recorded with the office of the Marin County Recorder.
b. Prior to recording a lien, the Community Development Director shall file with the City Clerk a report stating the amounts due and owing. The City Clerk shall fix a time, date and place for hearing the report and any protests or objections thereto before the City Council. The property owner shall be given at least 10 days’ prior notice of the public hearing. Notice shall be served as provided in subsection (B)(6) of this section. The notice shall, at a minimum, set forth the record owner or possessor of the property, the last known address of the record owner or possessor, the date upon which the lien was created, a description of the property subject to the lien and the amount of the lien. The property owner may protest the imposition of the lien either in writing or orally. After the hearing, the City Council shall adopt a resolution order confirming, discharging or modifying the amount of the lien.
c. A City Council resolution confirming or modifying the amount of a lien shall be filed in the office of the Marin County Recorder and shall have the same force and effect as a judgment lien pursuant to Section 697.340 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Upon receipt of payment in full pursuant to the lien, a notice of satisfaction of the lien shall be either recorded by the City or provided to the property owner to record. The notice of satisfaction shall cancel the City’s lien.
12. Judicial Review. Any person aggrieved by a decision imposing an administrative fine may obtain judicial review pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 53069.4(b) of the Government Code. Any person aggrieved by a decision imposing a remedial order may obtain judicial review by filing a petition for writ of administrative mandate within the time limits set forth in Section 1094.6 of the Code of Civil Procedure. [Ord. 1246 § 3, 2017; Ord. 1146 § 1, 2000; Ord. 1107 § 1, 1995; Ord. 1050 § 1, 1989.]