Chapter 18.16
EXCLUSIVE FARM USE ZONES, EFU-1 (POST-PAULINA AREA), EFU-2 (PRINEVILLE VALLEY-LONE PINE AREAS), AND EFU-3 (POWELL BUTTE AREA)

Sections:

18.16.005    Purpose.

18.16.010    Use table.

18.16.015    Use standards.

18.16.020    Conditional use review criteria.

18.16.025    Dwellings customarily provided in conjunction with farm use.

18.16.030    Accessory farm dwellings.

18.16.035    Lot of record dwellings.

18.16.040    Dwellings not in conjunction with farm use.

18.16.045    Alteration, restoration or replacement of a lawfully established dwelling.

18.16.050    Wineries and cider businesses.

18.16.052    Farm brewery – Conditions – Permissible uses – Reporting.

18.16.055    Agri-tourism and other commercial events.

18.16.060    Commercial facilities for generating power.

18.16.065    Use limitations.

18.16.070    Land divisions.

18.16.075    Development standards.

18.16.080    Signs.

18.16.085    Parcel size exception.

18.16.005 Purpose.

The purpose of Crook County’s exclusive farm use (EFU) zones is to protect and maintain agricultural lands for farm use, consistent with Statewide Planning Goal 3 and existing and future needs for agricultural products. The EFU zones are also intended to allow other uses that are compatible with agricultural activities, to protect forests, scenic resources, fish and wildlife habitat, and to maintain and improve the quality of air, water and land resources of the county. It is also the purpose of the EFU zone to qualify farms for farm use valuation under the provisions of Chapter 308 ORS.

Crook County applies three EFU zones to lands designated as agriculture in the comprehensive plan. These include the following:

EFU-1 (Post-Paulina Area), lands which primarily include large grazing lands bordered to the north by property zoned for forest use, extending east to Wheeler County, to the south and east to Deschutes County and by residential development near Juniper Canyon to the north and east. These properties are generally characterized by large property ownership maintained for livestock with some irrigated cropland along rivers and streams.

EFU-2 (Prineville Valley-Lone Pine Areas) includes some of the county’s most productive irrigated cropland. The area extends east and north of the city of Prineville and extends west along the Crooked River.

EFU-3 (Powell Butte Area) is characterized by irrigated hay and grass production and cattle production. This area includes smaller parcels intermixed with rural residential development.

The minimum parcel sizes in the EFU-1, EFU-2 and EFU-3 and other standards are intended to reflect differences in the types of agricultural activities in the three zones and to promote commercial agricultural operations in each of the three EFU zones. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.010 Use table.

Table 1 identifies the uses permitted in the EFU zone. This table applies to all new uses, expansions of existing uses, and changes of use when the expanded or changed use would require review, unless otherwise specified on Table 1. All uses are subject to the general provisions, special conditions, additional restrictions and exceptions set forth in this chapter. Due to the limited amount of high-value farmland in Crook County, the uses for high-value farmland are not listed in this section. If a use permitted in Table 1 is located on high-value farmland, the requirements of this chapter and the requirements of OAR Division 33 shall be used for review.

As used in Table 1:

(1) Use Type.

(a) “A” means the use allowed.

(b) “STS” means the use is subject to site plan review and any other listed criteria.

(c) “C” means the use is a conditional use. Conditional uses are permitted subject to county review, any specific standards for the use set forth in CCC 18.16.015, the conditional use review criteria in CCC 18.16.020, the general standards for the zone, and specific requirements applicable to the use in Chapter 18.160 CCC.

(d) “X” means the use is not allowed.

(2) Review Procedures.

(a) “P” means the use is permitted outright; uses and activities and their accessory buildings and uses are permitted subject to the general provisions set forth by this chapter.

(b) “Administrative” are permitted by right, requiring only nondiscretionary staff review to demonstrate compliance with the standards in this chapter. Permits subject to administrative review are limited to actions that do not require interpretation or the exercise of policy or legal judgment.

(c) “Notice and opportunity for public hearing” involve permits for which the application of review criteria requires the exercise of limited discretion. Decisions are made by the planning director. These decisions require a notice of decision and opportunity for appeal and public hearing.

(d) “Planning commission hearing” uses require a public hearing. Decisions are made by the planning commission, usually with an opportunity to appeal to the board of commissioners. These decisions involve the exercise of discretion and judgment when applying applicable land use and development criteria but implement established policy. Uses that are subject to this review procedure may be allowed subject to findings of compliance with applicable approval criteria and development standards. These decisions require a public notice prior to, and after, a decision.

(3) The “Subject To” column identifies any specific provisions of CCC 18.16.015 and other local requirements to which the use is subject.

Table 1. Use Table for Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) District 

 

Use

Use Type

Review Procedure

Subject To

1

Farm, Forest, and Natural Resource Uses

 

 

 

1.1

Farm use.

A

P

1.2

Propagation or harvesting of a forest product.

A

P

1.3

Composting limited to accepted farming practices in conjunction with and auxiliary to farm use on the subject tract.

A

P

1.4

A facility for the processing of farm products with a processing area of less than 2,500 square feet.

A

P

 

1.5

Agricultural buildings customarily provided in conjunction with farm use.

STS

Administrative

1.6

Creation of, restoration of, or enhancement of wetlands.

STS

Administrative

 

1.7

A facility for the processing of farm products with a processing area of at least 2,500 square feet but less than 10,000 square feet.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(1)

1.8

A facility for the primary processing of forest products.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(2)

2

Residential Uses

 

 

 

2.1

Primary farm dwelling.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(25)
18.16.025

2.2

Relative farm help dwelling.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(3)
18.16.015(25)

2.3

Accessory farm dwelling.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(25)
18.16.030

2.4

Lot of record dwelling.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(25)
18.16.035

2.5

Nonfarm dwelling.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(25)
18.16.040

2.6

Replacement dwelling for historic property.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(25)

2.7

Replacement dwelling.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(25)
18.16.045

2.8

Temporary hardship dwelling.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(4)
18.16.015(25)
18.16.020(1) and (2)

2.9

Residential home as defined in ORS 197.660, in existing dwellings (limited to the EFU-2 and EFU-3 zones only).

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(25)

2.10

Room and board arrangements for a maximum of five unrelated persons in existing residences.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(25)

3

Commercial Uses

 

 

 

3.1

Dog training classes or testing trials.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(5)

3.2

Farm stand.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(6)

3.3

Winery.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.050

3.4

Cider business.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.050

3.45

Farm brewery.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.052

3.5

Agri-tourism and other commercial events or activities that are related to and supportive of agriculture.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.055

3.6

Parking of up to seven log trucks.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

3.7

Home occupations.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.160.050

3.8

Commercial dog boarding kennels or dog training classes or testing trials that cannot be established under Use 3.1.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

3.9

A landscape contracting business, as defined in ORS 671.520, or a business providing landscape architecture services, as described in ORS 671.318, if the business is pursued in conjunction with the growing and marketing of nursery stock on the land that constitutes farm use.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

3.10

Commercial activities in conjunction with farm use, including the processing of farm crops into biofuel not permitted under Use 1.6, but excluding activities in conjunction with a marijuana crop.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(7)

3.11

Equine and equine-affiliated therapeutic and counseling activities.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(9)

3.12

Guest ranch.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(8)

4

Mineral, Aggregate, Oil and Gas Uses

 

 

 

4.1

Exploration for and production of geothermal, gas, oil and other associated hydrocarbons, including the placement and operation of compressors, separators and other customary production equipment for an individual well adjacent to the wellhead.

STS

Administrative

4.2

Operations for the exploration for minerals as defined by ORS 517.750.

STS

Administrative

4.3

Operations conducted for mining and processing of geothermal resources as defined by ORS 522.005 and oil and gas as defined by ORS 520.005 not otherwise permitted.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

4.4

Operations conducted for mining, crushing or stockpiling of aggregate and other mineral and other subsurface resources.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(11)
18.144

4.5

Processing as defined by ORS 517.750 of aggregate into asphalt or Portland cement.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(10)
18.144

4.6

Processing of other mineral resources and other subsurface resources.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

5

Transportation Uses

 

 

 

5.1

Climbing and passing lanes within the right-of-way existing as of July 1, 1987.

STS

Administrative

5.2

Reconstruction or modification of public roads and highways, including the placement of utility facilities overhead and in the subsurface of public roads and highways along the public right-of-way, but not including the addition of travel lanes, where no removal or displacement of buildings would occur or no new land parcels result.

STS

Administrative

5.3

Temporary public road and highway detours that will be abandoned and restored to original condition or use at such time as no longer needed.

STS

Administrative

5.4

Minor betterment of existing public road and highway related facilities such as maintenance yards, weigh stations and rest areas, within right-of-way existing as of July 1, 1987, and contiguous public-owned property utilized to support the operation and maintenance of public roads and highways.

STS

Administrative

5.5

Construction of additional passing and travel lanes requiring the acquisition of right-of-way but not resulting in the creation of new land parcels.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

5.6

Reconstruction or modification of public roads and highways involving the removal or displacement of buildings but not resulting in the creation of new land parcels.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

5.7

Improvement of public road and highway related facilities, such as maintenance yards, weigh stations and rest areas, where additional property or right-of-way is required but not resulting in the creation of new land parcels.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

5.8

Transportation improvements on rural lands allowed by and subject to the requirements of OAR 660-012-0065.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

5.9

Personal use airports for airplanes and helicopter pads, including associated hangar, maintenance and service facilities.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(12)

6

Utility/Solid Waste Disposal Facilities

 

 

 

6.1

Irrigation reservoirs, canals, delivery lines and those structures and accessory operational facilities, not including parks or other recreational structures and facilities, associated with a district as defined in ORS 540.505. This provision does not include proposals within areas of special flood hazard, as identified by FEMA.

A

P

 

6.2

Land application of reclaimed water, agricultural or industrial process water or biosolids, or the on-site treatment of septage prior to the land application of biosolids.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(13)

6.3

Utility facility service lines.

STS

Administrative

18.16.015(14)

6.4

Utility facilities necessary for public service, including associated transmission lines as defined in ORS 469.300 and wetland waste treatment systems but not including commercial facilities for the purpose of generating electrical power for public use by sale or transmission towers over 200 feet in height.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(15)

6.5

Transmission towers over 200 feet in height.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.124.110

6.6

Commercial utility facilities for the purpose of generating power for public use by sale, not including wind power generation facilities or photovoltaic solar power generation facilities.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.060(1)

6.7

Wind power generation facilities as commercial utility facilities for the purpose of generating power for public use by sale.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.060(2)
18.161

6.8

Photovoltaic solar power generation facilities as commercial utility facilities for the purpose of generating power for public use by sale.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.060(3)
18.161

6.9

Disposal site for solid waste approved by the governing body and for which the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality has granted a permit under ORS 459.245, together with equipment, facilities or buildings necessary for its operation.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(17)
18.16.015(26)

6.10

Composting facilities on farms or for which a permit has been granted by the Department of Environmental Quality under ORS 459.245 and OAR 340-093-0050 and 340-096-0060.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(16)
18.16.015(26)

7

Parks/Public/Quasi-Public Uses

 

 

 

7.1

Firearms training facility in existence on September 9, 1995.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

7.2

Fire service facilities providing rural fire protection services.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

7.3

On-site filming and activities accessory to on-site filming for 45 days or less as provided for in ORS 215.306.

STS

Administrative

 

7.4

A site for the takeoff and landing of model aircraft.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(18)

7.5

On-site filming and activities accessory to on-site filming for more than 45 days as provided for in ORS 215.306.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

7.6

Living history museum as defined in CCC 18.08.120.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(19)
18.16.015(24)

7.7

Community centers owned by a governmental agency or a nonprofit organization and operated primarily by and for residents of the local rural community.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(20)
18.16.015(24)

7.8

Public parks and playgrounds.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(21)
18.16.015(24)

7.9

Public parks or park uses in an adopted park master plan.

STS

Administrative

18.16.015(24)

7.10

Expansion of existing county fairgrounds and activities directly relating to county fairgrounds governed by county fair boards established pursuant to ORS 565.210.

C

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

 

7.11

A county law enforcement facility that lawfully existed on August 20, 2002 and is used to provide rural law enforcement services primarily in rural areas, including parole and post-prison supervision, but not including a correctional facility as defined under ORS 162.135 as provided for in ORS 215.283(1).

X

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.020

7.12

Operations for the extraction of water.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

 

7.13

Churches and cemeteries in conjunction with churches.

STS

Notice and Opportunity for Hearing

18.16.015(24)
18.16.015(26)

7.14

Public or private schools for kindergarten through grade 12, including all buildings essential to the operation of a school, primarily for residents of the rural area in which the school is located.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(22)
18.16.015(24)
18.16.015(26)

7.15

Private parks, playgrounds, hunting and fishing preserves, and campgrounds.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(23)
18.16.015(24)
18.16.015(26)

7.16

Golf courses.

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.16.015(24)
18.16.015(26)
18.16.015(27)

8

Outdoor Gatherings

 

 

 

8.1

An outdoor mass gathering of more than 3,000 persons that is expected to continue for more than 24 hours but less than 120 hours in any three-month period, as provided in ORS 433.735.

STS

Public Hearing with Crook County Court

5.04

8.2

Any outdoor gathering of more than 3,000 persons that is anticipated to continue for more than 120 hours in any three-month period is subject to review by a county planning commission under ORS 433.763.

STS

Planning Commission Hearing

 

9

Destination Resort

C

Planning Commission Hearing

18.116

(Ord. 344 § 2 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 336 § 4 (Exh. C), 2023; Ord. 330 § 5 (Exh. D), 2022; Ord. 321 § 4, 2020; Ord. 317 § 1, 2020; Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.015 Use standards.

(1) A farm on which a processing facility is located must provide at least one-quarter of the farm crops processed at the facility. A farm may also be used for an establishment for the slaughter, processing or selling of poultry or poultry products pursuant to ORS 603.038. If a building is established or used for the processing facility or establishment, with a processing area of at least 2,500 square feet but less than 10,000 square feet, exclusive of the floor area designated for preparation, storage or other farm use, the processing facility or establishment must comply with all applicable siting standards, but the standards may not be applied in a manner that prohibits the siting of the processing facility or establishment. A county may not approve any division of a lot or parcel that separates a processing facility or establishment from the farm operation on which it is located.

(2) A facility for the primary processing of forest products shall not seriously interfere with accepted farming practices and shall be compatible with farm uses described in CCC 18.08.060. Such facility may be approved for a one-year period that is renewable and is intended to be only portable or temporary in nature. The primary processing of a forest product, as used in this section, means the use of a portable chipper or stud mill or other similar methods of initial treatment of a forest product in order to enable its shipment to market. “Forest products” as used in this section means timber grown upon a tract where the primary processing facility is located.

(3) To qualify for a relative farm help dwelling:

(a) A dwelling shall be occupied by relatives whose assistance in the management and farm use of the existing commercial farming operation is required by the farm operator. However, farming of a marijuana crop may not be used to demonstrate compliance with the approval criteria for a relative farm help dwelling. The farm operator shall continue to play the predominant role in the management and farm use of the farm.

(b) A relative farm help dwelling must be located on the same lot or parcel as the dwelling of the farm operator and must be on real property used for farm use.

(4) A temporary hardship dwelling is subject to the following:

(a) One manufactured dwelling, or recreational vehicle, or the temporary residential use of an existing building may be allowed in conjunction with an existing dwelling as a temporary use for the term of the hardship suffered by the existing resident or relative, subject to the following:

(i) The manufactured dwelling shall use the same subsurface sewage disposal system used by the existing dwelling, if that disposal system is adequate to accommodate the additional dwelling. If the manufactured home will use a public sanitary sewer system, such condition will not be required;

(ii) The county shall review the permit authorizing such manufactured homes every two years; and

(iii) Within three months of the end of the hardship, the manufactured dwelling or recreational vehicle shall be removed or demolished, or, in the case of an existing building, the building shall be removed, demolished or returned to an allowed nonresidential use.

(b) A temporary residence approved under this section is not eligible for replacement under Use 2.7 in Table 1. Department of Environmental Quality review and removal requirements also apply.

(c) As used in this section “hardship” means a medical hardship or hardship for the care of an aged or infirm person or persons.

(5) Dog training classes or testing trials conducted outdoors, or in farm buildings that existed on January 1, 2013, are limited as follows:

(a) The number of dogs participating in training does not exceed 10 per training class and the number of training classes to be held on site does not exceed six per day; and

(b) The number of dogs participating in a testing trial does not exceed 60 and the number of testing trials to be conducted on site does not exceed four per calendar year.

(6) A farm stand may be approved if:

(a) The structures are designed and used for sale of farm crops and livestock grown on the farm operation, or grown on the farm operation and other farm operations in the local agricultural area, including the sale of retail incidental items and fee-based activity to promote the sale of farm crops or livestock sold at the farm stand if the annual sales of the incidental items and fees from promotional activity do not make up more than 25 percent of the total annual sales of the farm stand; and

(b) The farm stand does not include structures designed for occupancy as a residence or for activities other than the sale of farm crops and livestock and does not include structures for banquets, public gatherings or public entertainment.

(c) As used in this section, “farm crops or livestock” includes both fresh and processed farm crops and livestock grown on the farm operation or grown on the farm operation and other farm operations in the local agricultural area.

(d) As used in this subsection, “processed crops and livestock” includes jams, syrups, apple cider, animal products and other similar farm crops and livestock that have been processed and converted into another product but not prepared food items.

(e) As used in this section, “local agricultural area” includes Oregon or an adjacent county in Washington, Idaho, Nevada or California that borders the Oregon county in which the farm stand is located.

(f) A farm stand may not be used for the sale, or to promote the sale, of marijuana products or extracts.

(g) Farm Stand Development Standards.

(i) Adequate off-street parking will be provided pursuant to provisions of Chapter 18.128 CCC.

(ii) Roadways, driveway aprons, driveways and parking surfaces shall be surfaces that prevent dust, and may include paving, gravel, cinders, or bark/wood chips.

(iii) All vehicle maneuvering will be conducted on site. No vehicle backing or maneuvering shall occur within adjacent roads, streets or highways.

(iv) No farm stand building or parking is permitted within the right-of-way.

(v) Approval is required from the county road department regarding adequate egress and access. All egress and access points shall be clearly marked.

(vi) Vision Clearance Areas. No visual obstruction (e.g., sign, structure, solid fence, wall, planting or shrub vegetation) may exceed three feet in height within “vision clearance areas” at street intersections.

(A) Service drives shall have a minimum clear-vision area formed by the intersection of the driveway center line, the road right-of-way line, and a straight line joining said lines through points 20 feet from their intersection.

(B) Height is measured from the top of the curb or, where no curb exists, from the established street center line grade.

(C) Trees exceeding three feet in height may be located in this area, provided all branches and foliage are removed to a height of eight feet above grade.

(vii) All outdoor light fixtures shall be directed downward and have full cutoff and full shielding to preserve views of the night sky and to minimize excessive light spillover onto adjacent properties, roads and highways.

(viii) Signs are permitted consistent with CCC 18.124.040.

(h) Permit approval is subject to compliance with the Crook County environmental health or Department of Agriculture requirements and with the development standards of this zone.

(7) Commercial activities in conjunction with farm use may be approved when:

(a) The commercial activity is either exclusively or primarily a customer or supplier of farm products;

(b) The commercial activity is limited to providing products and services essential to the practice of agriculture by surrounding agricultural operations that are sufficiently important to justify the resulting loss of agricultural land to the commercial activity; or

(c) The commercial activity significantly enhances the farming enterprises of the local agricultural community, of which the land housing the commercial activity is a part. Retail sales of products or services to the general public that take place on a parcel or tract that is different from the parcel or tract on which agricultural product is processed, such as a tasting room with no on-site winery, are not commercial activities in conjunction with farm use.

(8) A guest ranch must comply with the following provisions:

(a) Definitions.

(i) “Guest lodging unit” means a guest room in a lodge, bunkhouse, cottage or cabin used only for transient overnight lodging and not for a permanent residence.

(ii) “Guest ranch” means a facility for guest lodging units, passive recreational activities described in subsection (8)(f) of this section and food services described in subsection (8)(g) of this section that are incidental and accessory to an existing and continuing livestock operation that qualifies as a farm use.

(iii) “Livestock” means cattle, sheep, horses and bison.

(b) A guest ranch may be established unless the proposed site of the guest ranch is within the boundaries of or surrounded by:

(i) A federally designated wilderness area or a wilderness study area;

(ii) A federally designated wildlife refuge;

(iii) A federally designated area of critical environmental concern; or

(iv) An area established by an Act of Congress for the protection of scenic or ecological resources.

(c) The guest ranch must be located on a lawfully established unit of land that:

(i) Is at least 160 contiguous acres in EFU3 (Powell Butte Area), 320 contiguous acres in EFU2 (Prineville Valley and Lone Pine Area) and 640 contiguous acres in EFU1 (Post and Paulina Area);

(ii) Contains the dwelling of the individual conducting the livestock operation; and

(iii) Is not high-value farmland.

(d) Except as provided in subsection (8)(e) of this section, the guest lodging units of the guest ranch cumulatively must:

(i) Include not fewer than four nor more than 10 overnight guest lodging units; and

(ii) Not exceed a total of 12,000 square feet in floor area, not counting the floor area of a lodge that is dedicated to kitchen area, restrooms, storage or other shared or common indoor space.

(e) For every increment of the minimum zone acreage required that the lawfully established unit of land on which the guest ranch is located exceeds the minimum acreage requirement described in subsection (8)(c) of this section, up to five additional overnight guest lodging units not exceeding a total of 6,000 square feet of floor area may be included in the guest ranch for a total of not more than 25 guest lodging units and 30,000 square feet of floor area.

(f) A guest ranch may provide passive recreational activities that can be provided in conjunction with the livestock operation’s natural setting including, but not limited to, hunting, fishing, hiking, biking, horseback riding, camping and swimming. A guest ranch may not provide intensively developed recreational facilities, including golf courses as identified in ORS 215.283.

(g) A guest ranch may provide food services only for guests of the guest ranch, individuals accompanying the guests and individuals attending a special event at the guest ranch. The cost of meals, if any, may be included in the fee to visit or stay at the guest ranch. A guest ranch may not sell individual meals to an individual who is not a guest of the guest ranch, an individual accompanying a guest or an individual attending a special event at the guest ranch.

(h) The governing body of a county or its designee may not allow a guest ranch in conjunction with:

(i) A campground.

(ii) A golf course.

(i) The governing body of a county or its designee may not approve a proposed division of land:

(i) For a guest ranch; or

(ii) To separate the guest ranch from the dwelling of the individual conducting the livestock operation.

(j) A guest ranch that is authorized by a county under this section on or after January 1, 2020, shall annually report to the county. Counties shall make available to the public, upon request, reports collected from guest ranches under this subsection. The report must contain:

(i) The size of the guest ranch’s livestock operation;

(ii) The income that the guest ranch obtained from:

(A) Livestock operations; and

(B) Guest ranch activities.

(iii) Other information the county may require to ensure ongoing compliance with this section or any condition of approval required by the county, including but not limited to proof of payment of the county’s transient room tax.

(9) Equine and equine-affiliated therapeutic and counseling activities are subject to the following:

(a) The activities are conducted in existing buildings that were lawfully constructed on the property before January 1, 2019, or in new buildings that are accessory, incidental, and subordinate to the farm use on the tract; and

(b) All individuals conducting therapeutic or counseling activities are acting within the proper scope of any licenses required by the state.

(10) Facilities that batch and blend mineral and aggregate into asphalt cement may not be authorized within two miles of a planted vineyard. “Planted vineyard” means one or more vineyards totaling 40 acres or more that are planted as of the date the application for batching and blending is filed.

(11) Mining, crushing or stockpiling of aggregate and other mineral and subsurface resources are subject to the following:

(a) A land use permit is required for mining more than 1,000 cubic yards of material or excavation preparatory to mining of a surface area of more than one acre.

(b) A land use permit for mining of aggregate shall be issued only for a site included on the mineral and aggregate inventory in the Crook County comprehensive plan.

(c) Mining, crushing, stockpiling and process of aggregate and other mineral subsurface resources are subject to the provisions of Chapter 18.144 CCC.

(12) A personal use airport, as used in this section, prohibits aircraft other than those owned or controlled by the owner of the airstrip. Exceptions to the activities allowed under this definition may be granted through waiver action by the Oregon Department of Aviation in specific instances. A personal use airport lawfully existing as of September 13, 1975, shall continue to be allowed subject to any applicable rules of the Oregon Department of Aviation.

(13) Land application of reclaimed or process water, agricultural process or industrial process water or biosolids, or the on-site treatment of septage prior to the land application of biosolids, for agricultural, horticultural or silvicultural production, or for irrigation in connection with a use allowed in an EFU zone is subject to the issuance of a license, permit or other approval by the Department of Environmental Quality under ORS 454.695, 459.205, 468B.050, 468B.053 or 468B.055, or in compliance with rules adopted under ORS 468B.095, and with the requirements of ORS 215.246, 215.247, 215.249 and 215.251. On-site treatment of septage prior to the land application of biosolids is limited to treatment using treatment facilities and transportable by truck trailer, as defined in ORS 801.580, during a period of time within which land application of biosolids is authorized under the license, permit, or other approval.

(14) Utility facility service lines are utility lines and accessory facilities or structures that end at the point where the utility service is received by the customer and that are located on one or more of the following:

(a) A public right-of-way;

(b) Land immediately adjacent to a public right-of-way, provided the written consent of all adjacent property owners has been obtained; or

(c) The property to be served by the utility.

(15) A Utility Facility That Is Necessary for Public Service.

(a) A utility facility is necessary for public service if the facility must be sited in the exclusive farm use zone in order to provide the service.

(i) To demonstrate that a utility facility is necessary, an applicant must show that reasonable alternatives have been considered and that the facility must be sited in an exclusive farm use zone due to one or more of the following factors:

(A) Technical and engineering feasibility;

(B) The proposed facility is locationally dependent. A utility facility is locationally dependent if it must cross land in one or more areas zoned for exclusive farm use in order to achieve a reasonably direct route or to meet unique geographical needs that cannot be satisfied on other lands;

(C) Lack of available urban and nonresource lands;

(D) Availability of existing rights-of-way;

(E) Public health and safety; and

(F) Other requirements of state and federal agencies.

(ii) Costs associated with any of the factors listed in subsection (15)(a)(i) of this section may be considered but cost alone may not be the only consideration in determining that a utility facility is necessary for public service. Land costs shall not be included when considering alternative locations for substantially similar utility facilities and the siting of utility facilities that are not substantially similar.

(iii) The owner of a utility facility approved under this subsection (15)(a) shall be responsible for restoring, as nearly as possible, to its former condition any agricultural land and associated improvements that are damaged or otherwise disturbed by the siting, maintenance, repair or reconstruction of the facility. Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the owner of the utility facility from requiring a bond or other security from a contractor or otherwise imposing on a contractor the responsibility for restoration.

(iv) The county shall impose clear and objective conditions on an application for utility facility siting to mitigate and minimize the impacts of the proposed facility, if any, on surrounding lands devoted to farm use in order to prevent a significant change in accepted farm practices or a significant increase in the cost of farm practices on surrounding farmlands.

(v) Utility facilities necessary for public service may include on-site and off-site facilities for temporary workforce housing for workers constructing a utility facility. Such facilities must be removed or converted to an allowed use under the EFU zone or other statute or rule when project construction is complete. Off-site facilities allowed under this subsection are subject to CCC 18.16.020, Conditional use review criteria. Temporary workforce housing facilities not included in the initial approval may be considered through a minor amendment request. A minor amendment request shall have no effect on the original approval.

(vi) In addition to the provisions of subsection (15)(a)(i) through (iv) of this section, the establishment or extension of a sewer system as defined by OAR 660-011-0060(1)(f) shall be subject to the provisions of OAR 660-011-0060.

(vii) The provisions of this subsection (15)(a) do not apply to interstate natural gas pipelines and associated facilities authorized by and subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

(b) An associated transmission line is necessary for public service upon demonstration that the associated transmission line meets either the following requirements of subsection (15)(b)(i) or (ii) of this subsection:

(i) An applicant demonstrates that the entire route of the associated transmission line meets at least one of the following requirements:

(A) The associated transmission line is not located on high-value farmland, as defined in ORS 195.300, or on arable land;

(B) The associated transmission line is colocated with an existing transmission line;

(C) The associated transmission line parallels an existing transmission line corridor with the minimum separation necessary for safety; or

(D) The associated transmission line is located within an existing right-of-way for a linear facility, such as a transmission line, road or railroad, that is located above the surface of the ground.

(ii) After an evaluation of reasonable alternatives, an applicant demonstrates that the entire route of the associated transmission line meets, subject to subsections (15)(b)(iii) and (iv) of this section, two or more of the following criteria:

(A) Technical and engineering feasibility;

(B) The associated transmission line is locationally dependent because the associated transmission line must cross high-value farmland, as defined in ORS 195.300, or arable land to achieve a reasonably direct route or to meet unique geographical needs that cannot be satisfied on other lands;

(C) Lack of an available existing right-of-way for a linear facility, such as a transmission line, road or railroad, that is located above the surface of the ground;

(D) Public health and safety; or

(E) Other requirements of state or federal agencies.

(iii) As pertains to subsection (15)(b)(ii) of this section, the applicant shall demonstrate how the applicant will mitigate and minimize the impacts, if any, of the associated transmission line on surrounding lands devoted to farm use in order to prevent a significant change in accepted farm practices or a significant increase in the cost of farm practices on the surrounding farmland.

(iv) The county may consider costs associated with any of the factors listed in subsection (15)(b)(ii) of this section, but consideration of cost may not be the only consideration in determining whether the associated transmission line is necessary for public service.

(16) Composting operations and facilities shall meet the performance and permitting requirements of the Department of Environmental Quality under OAR 340-093-0050 and 340-096-0060. Buildings and facilities used in conjunction with the composting operation shall only be those required for the operation of the subject facility. On-site sales shall be limited to bulk loads of at least one unit (7.5 cubic yards) in size that are transported in one vehicle. This use is not permitted on high-value farmland except that existing facilities on high-value farmland may be expanded subject to subsection (26) of this section.

(a) Compost facility operators must prepare, implement and maintain a site-specific odor minimization plan that:

(i) Meets the requirements of OAR 340-096-0150;

(ii) Identifies the distance of the proposed operation to the nearest residential zone;

(iii) Includes a complaint response protocol;

(iv) Is submitted to the DEQ with the required permit application;

(v) May be subject to annual review by the county to determine if any revisions are necessary; and

(vi) Comply with other conditions deemed necessary.

(b) Compost operations subject to subsection (16)(a) of this section include:

(i) A new disposal site for composting that sells, or offers for sale, resulting product; or

(ii) An existing disposal site for composting that sells, or offers for sale, resulting product that:

(iii) Accepts as feedstock nonvegetative materials, including dead animals, meat, dairy products and mixed food waste (Type 3 feedstock); or

(iv) Increases the permitted annual tonnage of feedstock used by the disposal site by an amount that requires a new land use approval.

(17) Solid waste disposal facilities shall meet the performance and permitting requirements of the Department of Environmental Quality under ORS 459.245, shall meet the requirements of CCC 18.16.020 and shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) The facility shall be designed to minimize conflicts with existing and permitted uses allowed under plan designations for adjacent parcels as outlined in policies of the comprehensive plan.

(b) The facility must be of a size and design to minimize noise or other detrimental effects when located adjacent to farm, forest and grazing dwellings(s) or a residential zone.

(c) The facility shall be fenced when the site is located adjacent to dwelling(s) or a residential zone and landscaping, buffering and/or screening shall be provided.

(d) The facility does not constitute an unnecessary fire hazard. The county shall condition approval to ensure fire safety measures will be taken, which may include but are not limited to the following:

(i) The area surrounding the facility is kept free from litter and debris.

(ii) Fencing will be installed around the facility, if deemed appropriate to protect adjacent farm crops or timber stands.

(iii) If the proposed facility is located in a forested area, construction materials shall be fire resistant or treated with a fire-retardant substance and the applicant will be required to remove forest fuels within a minimum of 30 feet of structures.

(e) The facility shall adequately protect fish and wildlife resources.

(f) Access roads or easements for the facility shall be improved to the county’s transportation system plan standards and comply with grades recommended by the Crook County road master.

(g) Road construction for the facility must be consistent with the Crook County transportation system plan standards and recommendations from the Crook County road master with the intent and proposes to minimize soil disturbance and help maintain water quality.

(h) Hours of operation for the facility shall be limited to 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.

(i) Riparian and other setback requirements: CCC 18.124.090.

(j) Comply with other conditions deemed necessary.

(18) Buildings and facilities associated with a site for the takeoff and landing of model aircraft shall not be more than 500 square feet in floor area or placed on a permanent foundation unless the building or facility preexisted the use approved under this section. The site shall not include an aggregate surface or hard surface area unless the surface preexisted the use approved under this section. An owner of property used for the purpose authorized in this section may charge a person operating the use on the property rent for the property. An operator may charge users of the property a fee that does not exceed the operator’s cost to maintain the property, buildings and facilities. As used in this section, “model aircraft” means a small-scale version of an airplane, glider, helicopter, dirigible or balloon that is used or intended to be used for flight and is controlled by radio, lines or design by a person on the ground.

(19) A living history museum shall be related to resource-based activities and shall be owned and operated by a governmental agency or a local historical society. A living history museum may include limited commercial activities and facilities that are directly related to the use and enjoyment of the museum and located within authentic buildings of the depicted historic period or the museum administration building, if areas other than an exclusive farm use zone cannot accommodate the museum and related activities or if the museum administration buildings and parking lot are located within one-quarter mile of an urban growth boundary. “Local historical society” means the local historical society, recognized as such by the county governing body and organized under Chapter 65 ORS.

(20) A community center may provide services to veterans, including but not limited to emergency and transitional shelter, preparation and service of meals, vocational and educational counseling and referral to local, state or federal agencies providing medical, mental health, disability income replacement and substance abuse services, only in a facility that is in existence on January 1, 2006. The services may not include direct delivery of medical, mental health, disability income replacement or substance abuse services.

(21) Public parks may include:

(a) All outdoor recreation uses allowed under ORS 215.213 or 215.283.

(b) The following uses, if authorized in a local or park master plan that is adopted as part of the local comprehensive plan, or if authorized in a state park master plan that is adopted by OPRD:

(i) Campground areas: recreational vehicle sites; tent sites; camper cabins; yurts; teepees; covered wagons; group shelters; campfire program areas; camp stores;

(ii) Day use areas: picnic shelters, barbecue areas, swimming areas (not swimming pools), open play fields, play structures;

(iii) Recreational trails: walking, hiking, biking, horse, or motorized off-road vehicle trails; trail staging areas;

(iv) Boating and fishing facilities: launch ramps and landings, docks, moorage facilities,

small boat storage, boating fuel stations, fish cleaning stations, boat sewage pumpout stations;

(v) Amenities related to park use intended only for park visitors and employees: laundry facilities; recreation shops; snack shops not exceeding 1,500 square feet of floor area;

(vi) Support facilities serving only the park lands wherein the facility is located: water supply facilities, sewage collection and treatment facilities, stormwater management facilities, electrical and communication facilities, restrooms and showers, recycling and trash collection facilities, registration buildings, roads and bridges, parking areas and walkways;

(vii) Park maintenance and management facilities located within a park: maintenance shops and yards, fuel stations for park vehicles, storage for park equipment and supplies, administrative offices, staff lodging;

(viii) Natural and cultural resource interpretative, educational and informational facilities in state parks: interpretative centers, information/orientation centers, self-supporting interpretative and informational kiosks, natural history or cultural resource museums, natural history or cultural educational facilities, reconstructed historic structures for cultural resource interpretation, retail stores not exceeding 1,500 square feet for sale of books and other materials that support park resource interpretation and education; and

(ix) Visitor lodging and retreat facilities if authorized in a state park master plan that is adopted by OPRD: historic lodges, houses or inns and the following associated uses in a state park retreat area only:

(A) Meeting halls not exceeding 2,000 square feet of floor area;

(B) Dining halls (not restaurants).

(22) Schools as formerly allowed pursuant to ORS 215.283(1)(a) that were established on or before January 1, 2009, may be expanded if:

(a) The conditional use review criteria in CCC 18.16.020 are met; and

(b) The expansion occurs on the tax lot on which the use was established on or before January 1, 2009, or a tax lot that is contiguous to the tax lot and that was owned by the applicant on January 1, 2009.

(23) Private campgrounds are subject to the following:

(a) Except on a lot or parcel contiguous to a lake or reservoir, private campgrounds shall not be allowed within three miles of an urban growth boundary unless an exception is approved pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4. A campground shall be designed and integrated into the rural agricultural and forest environment in a manner that protects the natural amenities of the site and provides buffers of existing native trees and vegetation or other natural features between campsites. Campgrounds shall not include intensively developed recreational uses such as swimming pools, tennis courts, retail stores or gas stations. Overnight temporary use in the same campground by a camper or camper’s vehicle shall not exceed a total of 30 days during any consecutive six-month period.

(b) Campsites may be occupied by a tent, travel trailer, yurt or recreational vehicle. Separate sewer, water or electric service hook-ups shall not be provided to individual campsites except that electrical service may be provided to yurts allowed by subsection (23)(c) of this section.

(c) A private campground may provide yurts for overnight camping. No more than one-third or a maximum of 10 campsites, whichever is smaller, may include a yurt. The yurt shall be located on the ground or on a wood floor with no permanent foundation.

(24) Three-Mile Setback. For uses subject to this subsection:

(a) No enclosed structure with a design capacity greater than 100 people, or group of structures with a total design capacity of greater than 100 people, shall be approved in connection with the use within three miles of an urban growth boundary, unless an exception is approved pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4, or unless the structure is described in a master plan adopted under the provisions of Chapter 660 OAR, Division 34.

(b) Any enclosed structures or group of enclosed structures described in subsection (24)(a) of this section within a tract must be separated by at least one-half mile. For purposes of this subsection, “tract” means a tract that is in existence as of June 17, 2010.

(c) Existing facilities wholly within a farm use zone may be maintained, enhanced or expanded on the same tract, subject to other requirements of law, but enclosed existing structures within a farm use zone within three miles of an urban growth boundary may not be expanded beyond the requirements of this chapter.

(d) Comply with other conditions as deemed necessary.

(25) Single-Family Dwelling Deeds. The landowner shall sign and record in the deed records for the county a document binding the landowner, and the landowner’s successors in interest, prohibiting them from pursuing a claim for relief or cause of action alleging injury from farming or forest practices for which no action or claim is allowed under ORS 30.936 or 30.937.

(26) Expansion Standards. Existing facilities wholly within a farm use zone may be maintained, enhanced or expanded on the same tract, subject to other requirements of law.

(27) Accessory uses provided as part of a golf course shall be limited consistent with the following standards:

(a) An accessory use to a golf course is a facility or improvement that is incidental to the operation of the golf course and is either necessary for the operation and maintenance of the golf course or that provides goods or services customarily provided to golfers at a golf course. An accessory use or activity does not serve the needs of the non-golfing public. Accessory uses to a golf course may include: parking; maintenance buildings; cart storage and repair; practice range or driving range; clubhouse; restrooms; lockers and showers; food and beverage service; pro shop; a practice or beginners course as part of an 18 hole or larger golf course; or golf tournament. Accessory uses to a golf course do not include: sporting facilities unrelated to golfing such as tennis courts, swimming pools, and weight rooms; wholesale or retail operations oriented to the non-golfing public; or housing;

(b) Accessory uses shall be limited in size and orientation on the site to serve the needs of persons and their guests who patronize the golf course to golf. An accessory use that provides commercial services (e.g., pro shop, etc.) shall be located in the clubhouse rather than in separate buildings; and

(c) Accessory uses may include one or more food and beverage service facilities in addition to food and beverage service facilities located in a clubhouse. Food and beverage service facilities must be part of and incidental to the operation of the golf course and must be limited in size and orientation on the site to serve only the needs of persons who patronize the golf course and their guests. Accessory food and beverage service facilities shall not be designed for or include structures for banquets, public gatherings or public entertainment. (Ord. 321 § 4, 2020; Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.020 Conditional use review criteria.

An applicant for a use permitted as a conditional use “C” in Table 1 must demonstrate compliance with the following criteria and specific requirements for conditional uses in Chapter 18.160 CCC:

(1) The use will not force a significant change in accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding lands devoted to farm or forest use;

(2) The use will not significantly increase the cost of accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding lands devoted to farm or forest use; and

(3) The proposed use will be compatible with vicinity uses, and satisfies all relevant requirements of this title and the following general criteria:

(a) The use is consistent with those goals and policies of the comprehensive plan which apply to the proposed use;

(b) The parcel is suitable for the proposed use considering its size, shape, location, topography, existence of improvements and natural features;

(c) The proposed use will not alter the character of the surrounding area in a manner which substantially limits, impairs or prevents the use of surrounding properties for the permitted uses listed in the underlying zoning district;

(d) The proposed use is appropriate, considering the adequacy of public facilities and services existing or planned for the area affected by the use; and

(e) The use is or can be made compatible with existing uses and other allowable uses in the area. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.025 Dwellings customarily provided in conjunction with farm use.

(1) Large Tract Standards. On land not identified as high-value farmland as defined in CCC 18.08.080, a dwelling may be considered customarily provided in conjunction with farm use if:

(a) The parcel on which the dwelling will be located is at least:

(i) One hundred sixty acres on properties zoned EFU-2 or EFU-3; or

(ii) Three hundred twenty acres on properties zoned EFU-1.

(b) The subject tract is currently employed for farm use.

(c) The dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who will be principally engaged in the farm use of the subject tract, such as planting, harvesting, marketing or caring for livestock, at a commercial scale.

(d) Except for seasonal farmworker housing approved prior to 2001, there is no other dwelling on the subject tract.

(2) Farm Income Standards (Non-High-Value). On land not identified as high-value farmland, a dwelling may be considered customarily provided in conjunction with farm use if:

(a) The subject tract is currently employed for the farm use on which, in each of the last two years or three of the last five years, or in an average of three of the last five years, the farm operator earned the lower of the following:

(i) At least $40,000 in gross annual income from the sale of farm products; or

(ii) Gross annual income of at least the midpoint of the median income range of gross annual sales for farms in the county with gross annual sales of $10,000 or more according to the 1992 Census of Agriculture, Oregon; and

(b) Except for seasonal farmworker housing approved prior to 2001, there is no other dwelling on lands designated for exclusive farm use pursuant to Chapter 215 ORS owned by the farm or ranch operator or on the farm or ranch operation;

(c) The dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who produced the commodities that grossed the income in subsection (2)(a) of this section; and

(d) In determining the gross income required by subsection (2)(a) of this section:

(i) The cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross income attributed to the farm or ranch operation;

(ii) Only gross income from land owned, not leased or rented, shall be counted; and

(iii) Gross farm income earned from a lot or parcel that has been used previously to qualify another lot or parcel for the construction or siting of a primary farm dwelling may not be used.

(3) Farm Income Standards (High-Value). On land identified as high-value farmland, a dwelling may be considered customarily provided in conjunction with farm use if:

(a) The subject tract is currently employed for the farm use on which the farm operator earned at least $80,000 in gross annual income from the sale of farm products in each of the last two years or three of the last five years, or in an average of three of the last five years; and

(b) Except for seasonal farmworker housing approved prior to 2001, there is no other dwelling on lands designated for exclusive farm use owned by the farm or ranch operator or on the farm or ranch operation; and

(c) The dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who produced the commodities that grossed the income in subsection (3)(a) of this section;

(d) In determining the gross income required by subsection (3)(a) of this section:

(i) The cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross income attributed to the farm or ranch operation;

(ii) Only gross income from land owned, not leased or rented, shall be counted; and

(iii) Gross farm income earned from a lot or parcel that has been used previously to qualify another lot or parcel for the construction or siting of a primary farm dwelling may not be used.

(4) Farm Capability Standards.

(a) On land not identified as high-value farmland, a dwelling may be considered customarily provided in conjunction with farm use if:

(i) The subject tract is at least as large as the median size of those commercial farm or ranch tracts capable of generating at least $10,000 in annual gross sales that are located within a study area that includes all tracts wholly or partially within one mile from the perimeter of the subject tract;

(ii) The subject tract is capable of producing at least the median level of annual gross sales of county indicator crops as the same commercial farm or ranch tracts used to calculate the tract size in subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section;

(iii) The subject tract is currently employed for a farm use, at a level capable of producing the annual gross sales required in subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section;

(iv) The subject lot or parcel on which the dwelling is proposed is not less than 20 acres;

(v) Except for seasonal farmworker housing approved prior to 2001, there is no other dwelling on the subject tract;

(vi) The dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who will be principally engaged in the farm use of the subject tract, such as planting, harvesting, marketing or caring for livestock, at a commercial scale;

(vii) If no farm use has been established at the time of application, land use approval shall be subject to a condition that no building permit may be issued prior to the establishment of the farm use required by subsection (4)(a)(iii) of this section; and

(viii) In determining the gross sales capability required by subsection (4)(a)(iii) of this section:

(A) The actual or potential cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross sales attributed to the farm or ranch tract;

(B) Only actual or potential sales from land owned, not leased or rented, shall be counted; and

(C) Actual or potential gross farm sales earned from a lot or parcel that has been used previously to qualify another lot or parcel for the construction or siting of a primary farm dwelling may not be used.

(b) In order to identify the commercial farm or ranch tracts to be used in subsection (4)(a)(i) of this section, the potential gross sales capability of each tract in the study area, including the subject tract, must be determined using the gross sales figures prepared by the county pursuant to OAR 660-033-0135(2)(c).

(5) Additional Farm Income Standards.

(a) For the purpose of subsection (2) or (3) of this section, noncontiguous lots or parcels zoned for farm use in the same county or contiguous counties may be used to meet the gross income requirements. Lots or parcels in Eastern or Western Oregon may not be used to qualify a dwelling in the other part of the state.

(b) Prior to the final approval for a dwelling authorized by subsections (2) and (3) of this section that requires one or more contiguous or non-contiguous lots or parcels of a farm or ranch operation to comply with the gross farm income requirements, the applicant shall complete and record with the county clerk the covenants, conditions, and restrictions form provided by the county (Exhibit A to Chapter 660 OAR, Division 33). The covenants, conditions and restrictions shall be recorded for each lot or parcel subject to the application for the primary farm dwelling and shall preclude:

(i) All future rights to construct a dwelling except for accessory farm dwellings, relative farm assistance dwellings, temporary hardship dwellings or replacement dwellings allowed by Chapter 215 ORS; and

(ii) The use of any gross farm income earned on the lots or parcels to qualify another lot or parcel for a primary farm dwelling.

(c) The covenants, conditions and restrictions are irrevocable, unless a statement of release is signed by an authorized representative of the county or counties where the property subject to the covenants, conditions and restrictions is located.

(6) Commercial Dairy Farm Standards. A dwelling may be considered customarily provided in conjunction with a commercial dairy farm capable of earning the gross annual income requirements by subsection (2) or (3) of this section, subject to the following requirements:

(a) The subject tract will be employed as a commercial dairy as defined in subsection (6)(g) of this section;

(b) The dwelling is sited on the same lot or parcel as the buildings required by the commercial dairy;

(c) Except for seasonal farmworker housing approved prior to 2001, there is no other dwelling on the subject tract;

(d) The dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who will be principally engaged in the operation of the commercial dairy farm, such as the feeding, milking or pasturing of the dairy animals or other farm use activities necessary to the operation of the commercial dairy farm;

(e) The building permits, if required, have been issued for and construction has begun for the buildings and animal waste facilities required for a commercial dairy farm; and

(f) The Oregon Department of Agriculture has approved the following:

(i) A permit for a “confined animal feeding operation” under ORS 468B.050 and 468B.200 to 468B.230; and

(ii) A producer license for the sale of dairy products under ORS 621.072.

(g) As used in this section, “commercial dairy farm” is a dairy operation that owns a sufficient number of producing dairy animals capable of earning the gross annual income required by subsection (2) or (3) of this section, whichever is applicable, from the sale of fluid milk.

(7) Relocated Farm Operations. A dwelling may be considered customarily provided in conjunction with farm use if:

(a) Within the previous two years, the applicant owned and operated a different farm or ranch operation that earned the gross farm income in each of the last five years or four of the last seven years as required by subsection (2) or (3) of this section, whichever is applicable;

(b) The subject lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be located is:

(i) Currently employed for the farm use that produced in each of the last two years or three of the last five years, or in an average of three of the last five years the gross farm income required by subsection (2) or (3) of this section, whichever is applicable; and

(ii) At least the size of the applicable minimum lot size under CCC 18.16.070;

(c) Except for seasonal farmworker housing approved prior to 2001, there is no other dwelling on the subject tract;

(d) The dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who produced the commodities that grossed the income in subsection (7)(a) of this section; and

(e) In determining the gross income required by subsections (7)(a) and (b) of this section:

(i) The cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross income attributed to the tract; and

(ii) Only gross income from land owned, not leased or rented, shall be counted.

(8) Farming of a marijuana crop, and the gross sales derived from selling a marijuana crop, may not be used to demonstrate compliance with the approval criteria for a primary farm dwelling. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.030 Accessory farm dwellings.

(1) Accessory farm dwellings may be considered customarily provided in conjunction with farm use if each accessory farm dwelling meets all the following requirements:

(a) The accessory farm dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who will be principally engaged in the farm use of the land and whose seasonal or year-round assistance in the management of the farm use, such as planting, harvesting, marketing or caring for livestock, is or will be required by the farm operator;

(b) The accessory farm dwelling will be located:

(i) On the same lot or parcel as the primary farm dwelling;

(ii) On the same tract as the primary farm dwelling when the lot or parcel on which the accessory farm dwelling will be sited is consolidated into a single parcel with all other contiguous lots and parcels in the tract;

(iii) On a lot or parcel on which the primary farm dwelling is not located, when the accessory farm dwelling is limited to only a manufactured dwelling with a deed restriction. The deed restriction shall be filed with the county clerk and require the manufactured dwelling to be removed when the lot or parcel is conveyed to another party. The manufactured dwelling may remain if it is reapproved under these provisions;

(iv) On any lot or parcel, when the accessory farm dwelling is limited to only attached multi-unit residential structures allowed by the applicable state building code or similar types of farmworker housing as that existing on farm or ranch operations registered with the Department of Consumer and Business Services, Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division under ORS 658.750. A county shall require all accessory farm dwellings approved under this subsection to be removed, demolished or converted to a nonresidential use when farmworker housing is no longer required. “Farmworker housing” shall have the meaning set forth in ORS 215.278 and not the meaning in ORS 315.163; or

(v) On a lot or parcel on which the primary farm dwelling is not located, when the accessory farm dwelling is located on a lot or parcel at least the size of the applicable minimum lot size under ORS 215.780 and the lot or parcel complies with the gross farm income requirements in OAR 660-033-0135(3) or (4), whichever is applicable; and

(c) There is no other dwelling on the lands designated for exclusive farm use owned by the farm operator that is vacant or currently occupied by persons not working on the subject farm or ranch and that could reasonably be used as an accessory farm dwelling.

(2) In addition to the requirements in subsection (1) of this section, the primary farm dwelling to which the proposed dwelling would be accessory meets one of the following:

(a) On land not identified as high-value farmland, the primary farm dwelling is located on a farm or ranch operation that is currently employed for farm use, as defined in ORS 215.203, on which, in each of the last two years or three of the last five years or in an average of three of the last five years, the farm operator earned the lower of the following:

(i) At least $40,000 in gross annual income from the sale of farm products. In determining the gross income, the cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross income attributed to the tract; or

(ii) Gross annual income of at least the midpoint of the median income range of gross annual sales for farms in the county with gross annual sales of $10,000 or more according to the 1992 Census of Agriculture, Oregon. In determining the gross income, the cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross income attributed to the tract;

(b) On land identified as high-value farmland, the primary farm dwelling is located on a farm or ranch operation that is currently employed for farm use, as defined in ORS 215.203, on which the farm operator earned at least $80,000 in gross annual income from the sale of farm products in each of the last two years or three of the last five years or in an average of three of the last five years. In determining the gross income, the cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross income attributed to the tract; or

(c) It is located on a commercial dairy farm as defined in CCC 18.16.025(6)(g); and

(i) The building permits, if required, have been issued and construction has begun or been completed for the buildings and animal waste facilities required for a commercial dairy farm;

(ii) The Oregon Department of Agriculture has approved a permit for a “confined animal feeding operation” under ORS 468B.050 and 468B.200 to 468B.230; and

(iii) A producer license for the sale of dairy products under ORS 621.072.

(3) No division of a lot or parcel for an accessory farm dwelling shall be approved pursuant to this subsection. If it is determined that an accessory farm dwelling satisfies the requirements of this chapter, a parcel may be created consistent with the minimum parcel size requirements in CCC 18.16.070(1).

(4) An accessory farm dwelling approved pursuant to this section cannot later be used to satisfy the requirements for a dwelling not provided in conjunction with farm use pursuant to Use 2.5 in Table 1.

(5) For purposes of this section, “accessory farm dwelling” includes all types of residential structures allowed by the applicable state building code.

(6) Farming of a marijuana crop shall not be used to demonstrate compliance with the approval criteria for an accessory farm dwelling.

(7) No accessory farm dwelling unit may be occupied by a relative of the owner or operator of the farmworker housing. “Relative” means a spouse of the owner or operator or an ancestor, lineal descendant or whole or half sibling of the owner or operator or the spouse of the owner or operator. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.035 Lot of record dwellings.

(1) A lot of record dwelling may be approved on a preexisting lot or parcel if:

(a) The lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be sited was lawfully created and was acquired and owned continuously by the present owner as defined in subsection (5) of this section:

(i) Since prior to January 1, 1985; or

(ii) By devise or by intestate succession from a person who acquired and had owned continuously the lot or parcel since prior to January 1, 1985;

(b) The tract on which the dwelling will be sited does not include a dwelling;

(c) The lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be sited was part of a tract on November 4, 1993, no dwelling exists on another lot or parcel that was part of that tract;

(d) The proposed dwelling is not prohibited by, and will comply with, the requirements of the acknowledged comprehensive plan and land use regulations and other provisions of law;

(e) The lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be sited is not high-value farmland except as provided in subsections (3) and (4) of this section; and

(f) When the lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be sited lies within an area designated in the comprehensive plan as habitat of big game, the siting of the dwelling is consistent with the limitations on density upon which the acknowledged comprehensive plan and land use regulations intended to protect the habitat are based.

(2) When the lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be sited is part of a tract, the remaining portions of the tract are consolidated into a single lot or parcel when the dwelling is allowed.

(3) Notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (1)(e) of this section, a single-family dwelling may be sited on high-value farmland if:

(a) It meets the other requirements of subsections (1) and (2) of this section;

(b) The lot or parcel is protected as high-value farmland on a tract composed predominantly of soils that are irrigated and classified prime, unique, Class I or II; or not irrigated and classified prime, unique, Class I or II as defined in CCC 18.08.080;

(c) The planning director determines that:

(i) The lot or parcel cannot practicably be managed for farm use, by itself or in conjunction with other land, due to extraordinary circumstances inherent in the land or its physical setting that do not apply generally to other land in the vicinity.

(A) For the purposes of this section, this criterion asks whether the subject lot or parcel can be physically put to farm use without undue hardship or difficulty because of extraordinary circumstances inherent in the land or its physical setting. Neither size alone nor a parcel’s limited economic potential demonstrates that a lot or parcel cannot be practicably managed for farm use.

(B) Examples of “extraordinary circumstances inherent in the land or its physical setting” include very steep slopes, deep ravines, rivers, streams, roads, railroad or utility lines or other similar natural or physical barriers that by themselves or in combination separate the subject lot or parcel from adjacent agricultural land and prevent it from being practicably managed for farm use by itself or together with adjacent or nearby farms.

(C) A lot or parcel that has been put to farm use despite the proximity of a natural barrier or since the placement of a physical barrier shall be presumed manageable for farm use;

(ii) The dwelling will comply with the provisions of CCC 18.16.020; and

(iii) The dwelling will not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern in the area by applying the standards set forth in CCC 18.16.040(3).

(4) Notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (1)(e) of this section, a single-family dwelling may be sited on high-value farmland if:

(a) It meets the other requirements of subsections (1) and (2) of this section;

(b) The tract on which the dwelling will be sited is:

(i) Not protected as high-value farmland on a tract composed predominantly of soils that are irrigated and classified prime, unique, Class I or II; or not irrigated and classified prime, unique, Class I or II as defined in CCC 18.08.080; and

(ii) Twenty-one acres or less in size; and

(c) The tract is bordered on at least 67 percent of its perimeter by tracts that are smaller than 21 acres, and at least two such tracts had dwellings on January 1, 1993; or

(d) The tract is not a flag lot and is bordered on at least 25 percent of its perimeter by tracts that are smaller than 21 acres, and at least four dwellings existed on January 1, 1993, within one-quarter mile of the center of the subject tract. Up to two of the four dwellings may lie within an urban growth boundary, but only if the subject tract abuts an urban growth boundary; or

(e) The tract is a flag lot and is bordered on at least 25 percent of its perimeter by tracts that are smaller than 21 acres, and at least four dwellings existed on January 1, 1993, within one-quarter mile of the center of the subject tract and on the same side of the public road that provides access to the subject tract. The governing body of a county must interpret the center of the subject tract as the geographic center of the flag lot if the applicant makes a written request for that interpretation and that interpretation does not cause the center to be located outside the flag lot. Up to two of the four dwellings may lie within an urban growth boundary, but only if the subject tract abuts an urban growth boundary.

(i) “Flag lot” means a tract containing a narrow strip or panhandle of land providing access from the public road to the rest of the tract.

(ii) “Geographic center of the flag lot” means the point of intersection of two perpendicular lines of which the first line crosses the midpoint of the longest side of a flag lot, at a 90-degree angle to the side, and the second line crosses the midpoint of the longest adjacent side of the flag lot.

(5) For purposes of subsection (1) of this section, “owner” includes the wife, husband, son, daughter, mother, father, brother, brother-in-law, sister, sister-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, stepparent, stepchild, grandparent or grandchild of the owner or a business entity owned by any one or a combination of these family members.

(6) The county assessor shall be notified that the governing body intends to allow the dwelling.

(7) An approved single-family dwelling under this section may be transferred by a person who has qualified under this section to any other person after the effective date of the land use decision.

(8) The county shall provide notice of all applications for lot of record dwellings on high-value farmland to the State Department of Agriculture. Notice shall be provided in accordance with land use regulations and shall be mailed at least 20 calendar days prior to the public hearing. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.040 Dwellings not in conjunction with farm use.

(1) Nonfarm Dwelling. A nonfarm dwelling is subject to the following requirements:

(a) The dwelling or activities associated with the dwelling will not force a significant change in or significantly increase the cost of accepted farming or forest practices on nearby lands devoted to farm or forest use.

(2) Nonfarm Dwelling Suitability Standards.

(a) The dwelling, including essential or accessory improvements or structures, is situated upon a lot or parcel, or, in the case of an existing lot or parcel, upon a portion of a lot or parcel, that is generally unsuitable land for the production of farm crops and livestock or merchantable tree species, considering the terrain, adverse soil or land conditions, drainage and flooding, vegetation, location and size of the tract. A new parcel or portion of an existing lot or parcel shall not be considered unsuitable solely because of size or location if it can reasonably be put to farm or forest use in conjunction with other land; and

(b) A new parcel or portion of an existing lot or parcel is not “generally unsuitable” simply because it is too small to be farmed profitably by itself. If a parcel or portion of a lot or parcel can be sold, leased, rented or otherwise managed as a part of a commercial farm or ranch, then it is not “generally unsuitable.” A new parcel or portion of an existing lot or parcel is presumed to be suitable if it is composed predominantly of Class I – VI soils. Just because a new parcel or portion of an existing lot or parcel is unsuitable for one farm use does not mean it is not suitable for another farm use; or

(c) If the lot or parcel is under forest assessment, the dwelling shall be situated upon generally unsuitable land for the production of merchantable tree species recognized by the forest practices rules, considering the terrain, adverse soil or land conditions, drainage and flooding, vegetation, location and size of the parcel. If a lot or parcel is under forest assessment, the area is not “generally unsuitable” simply because it is too small to be managed for forest production profitably by itself. If a lot or parcel under forest assessment can be sold, leased, rented or otherwise managed as a part of a forestry operation, it is not “generally unsuitable.” If a lot or parcel is under forest assessment, it is presumed suitable if it is composed predominantly of soils capable of producing 20 cubic feet of wood fiber per acre per year. If a lot or parcel is under forest assessment, to be found compatible and not seriously interfere with forest uses on surrounding land it must not force a significant change in forest practices or significantly increase the cost of those practices on the surrounding land.

(3) The dwelling will not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern of the area. In determining whether a proposed nonfarm dwelling will alter the stability of the land use pattern in the area, the county shall consider the cumulative impact of nonfarm dwellings on other lots or parcels in the area similarly situated by applying the standards set forth in subsections (3)(a) through (c) of this section. If the application involves the creation of a new parcel for the nonfarm dwelling, the county shall consider whether creation of the parcel will lead to creation of other nonfarm parcels, to the detriment of agriculture in the area by applying the standards set forth in subsections (3)(a) through (c) of this section.

(a) Identify a study area for the cumulative impacts analysis. The study area shall include at least 2,000 acres or a smaller area not less than 1,000 acres, if the smaller area is a distinct agricultural area based on topography, soil types, land use pattern, or the type of farm or ranch operations or practices that distinguish it from other, adjacent agricultural areas. Findings shall describe the study area, its boundaries, the location of the subject parcel within this area, why the selected area is representative of the land use pattern surrounding the subject parcel and is adequate to conduct the analysis required by this standard. Lands zoned for rural residential or other urban or nonresource uses shall not be included in the study area;

(b) Identify within the study area the broad types of farm uses (irrigated or nonirrigated crops, pasture or grazing lands), the number, location and type of existing dwellings (farm, nonfarm, hardship, etc.), and the dwelling development trends since 1993. Determine the potential number of nonfarm/lot of record dwellings that could be approved under CCC 18.16.035(1) and this section, including identification of predominant soil classifications, the parcels created prior to January 1, 1993, and the parcels larger than the minimum lot size that may be divided to create new parcels for nonfarm dwellings under ORS 215.263(4), 215.263(5), and 215.284(4). The findings shall describe the existing land use pattern of the study area including the distribution and arrangement of existing uses and the land use pattern that could result from approval of the possible nonfarm dwellings under this subsection; and

(c) Determine whether approval of the proposed nonfarm/lot of record dwellings together with existing nonfarm dwellings will materially alter the stability of the land use pattern in the area. The stability of the land use pattern will be materially altered if the cumulative effect of existing and potential nonfarm dwellings will make it more difficult for the existing types of farms in the area to continue operation due to diminished opportunities to expand, purchase or lease farmland, acquire water rights or diminish the number of tracts or acreage in farm use in a manner that will destabilize the overall character of the study area; and

(4) If a single-family dwelling is established on a lot or parcel as set forth in Use 2.4 in Table 1, no additional dwelling may later be sited under the provisions of this section.

(5) The dwelling will be sited on a lot or parcel created before January 1, 1993; if the lot or parcel was created after that date, the lot or parcel must have been approved through the provisions of CCC 18.16.070(3) or (4).

(6) Pursuant to ORS 215.236, a nonfarm dwelling on a lot or parcel in an exclusive farm use zone that is or has been receiving special assessment may be approved only on the condition that before a building permit is issued the applicant must produce evidence from the county assessor’s office that the parcel upon which the dwelling is proposed has been disqualified under ORS 308A.050 to 308A.128 or other special assessment under ORS 308A.315, 321.257 to 321.390, 321.700 to 321.754 or 321.805 to 321.855 and that any additional tax or penalty imposed by the county assessor as a result of disqualification has been paid.

(7) All new nonfarm dwellings on existing parcels within the deer and elk winter ranges must meet the residential density limitations found in Wildlife Policy 2 of the Crook County comprehensive plan. Compliance with the residential density limitations may be demonstrated by calculating a one-mile radius (or 2,000-acre) study area. An applicant may use a different study area size or shape to demonstrate compliance with Wildlife Policy 2, provided the methodology and size of the study area are explained and are found to be consistent with the purpose of Crook County comprehensive plan Wildlife Policy 2.

(8) All new nonfarm dwellings on existing lots or parcels proposed within the Paulina Ranches or Riverside Ranches subdivisions, which are in the county’s EFU-1 zone and were created prior to January 1, 1993, shall require a minimum of 20 acres for the nonfarm dwelling.

(a) The 20-acre requirement for these subdivisions may be met either by a single lot or parcel which is at least 20 acres or through multiple, separate lots or parcels within the same subdivision in common ownership, which in the aggregate total 20 acres or more. For the purposes of this section, Riverside Ranch Unit 1 is treated as a separate subdivision and Riverside Ranch Units 2 and 3, together, are treated as a separate subdivision. The aggregation of lots or parcels for the purposes of this section must be contiguous in Paulina Ranches and Riverside Ranch Unit 1.

(b) Where multiple lots or parcels in common ownership are the basis to meet the 20-acre requirement, upon approval of a nonfarm dwelling and prior to the issuance of a building permit, the applicant/owner shall record a deed restriction with the county clerk limiting the further development of any lots or parcels used by the applicant/owner to meet the 20-acre requirement.

(9) The dwelling complies with such other conditions as the governing body or its designee considers necessary. (Ord. 336 § 5 (Exh. D), 2023; Ord. 330 § 8 (Exh. G), 2022; Ord. 326 § 3 (Att. A), 2021; Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.045 Alteration, restoration or replacement of a lawfully established dwelling.

(1) A lawfully established dwelling may be altered, restored or replaced if, when an application for a permit is submitted, the permitting authority finds to its satisfaction, based on substantial evidence, that:

(a) The dwelling to be altered, restored or replaced has, or formerly had:

(i) Intact exterior walls and roof structure;

(ii) Indoor plumbing consisting of a kitchen sink, toilet and bathing facilities connected to a sanitary waste disposal system;

(iii) Interior wiring for interior lights;

(iv) A heating system; and

(v) The dwelling was assessed as a dwelling for purposes of ad valorem taxation for the previous five property tax years, or, if the dwelling has existed for less than five years, from that time.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (1)(a)(v) of this section, if the value of the dwelling was eliminated as a result of either of the following circumstances, the dwelling was assessed as a dwelling until such time as the value of the dwelling was eliminated:

(i) The destruction (i.e., by fire or natural hazard), or demolition in the case of restoration, of the dwelling; or

(ii) The applicant establishes to the satisfaction of the permitting authority that the dwelling was improperly removed from the tax roll by a person other than the current owner. “Improperly removed” means that the dwelling has taxable value in its present state, or had taxable value when the dwelling was first removed from the tax roll or was destroyed by fire or natural hazard, and the county stopped assessing the dwelling even though the current or former owner did not request removal of the dwelling from the tax roll.

(2) For replacement of a lawfully established dwelling under Use 2.7 in Table 1:

(a) The dwelling to be replaced must be removed, demolished or converted to an allowable nonresidential use:

(i) Within one year after the date the replacement dwelling is certified for occupancy pursuant to ORS 455.055; or

(ii) If the dwelling to be replaced is, in the discretion of the permitting authority, in such a state of disrepair that the structure is unsafe for occupancy or constitutes an attractive nuisance, on or before a date set by the permitting authority that is not less than 90 days after the replacement permit is issued; and

(iii) If a dwelling is removed by moving it off the subject parcel to another location, the applicant must obtain approval from the permitting authority for the new location.

(b) The applicant must cause to be recorded in the deed records of the county a statement that the dwelling to be replaced has been removed, demolished or converted.

(c) As a condition of approval, if the dwelling to be replaced is located on a portion of the lot or parcel that is not zoned for exclusive farm use, the applicant shall execute and cause to be recorded in the deed records of the county in which the property is located a deed restriction prohibiting the siting of another dwelling on that portion of the lot or parcel. The restriction imposed is irrevocable unless the county planning director, or the director’s designee, places a statement of release in the deed records of the county to the effect that the provisions of 2013 Oregon Laws, Chapter 462, Section 2 and ORS 215.283 regarding replacement dwellings have changed to allow the lawful siting of another dwelling.

(3) A replacement dwelling must comply with applicable building codes, plumbing codes, sanitation codes and other requirements relating to health and safety or to siting at the time of construction. However, the standards may not be applied in a manner that prohibits the siting of the replacement dwelling.

(a) The siting standards of subsection (3)(b) of this section apply when a dwelling qualifies for replacement because the dwelling:

(i) Formerly had the features described in subsection (1)(a) of this section;

(ii) Was removed from the tax roll as described in subsection (1)(b) of this section; or

(iii) Had a permit that expired as described under subsection (4)(c) of this section.

(b) The replacement dwelling must be sited on the same lot or parcel:

(i) Using all or part of the footprint of the replaced dwelling or near a road, ditch, river, property line, forest boundary or another natural boundary of the lot or parcel; and

(ii) If possible, for the purpose of minimizing the adverse impacts on resource use of land in the area, within a concentration or cluster of structures or within 500 yards of another structure.

(c) Replacement dwellings that currently have the features described in subsection (1)(a) of this section and that have been on the tax roll as described in subsection (1)(b) of this section may be sited on any part of the same lot or parcel.

(4) A replacement dwelling permit that is issued under Use 2.7 in Table 1:

(a) Is a land use decision as defined in ORS 197.015 where the dwelling to be replaced:

(i) Formerly had the features described in subsection (1)(a) of this section; or

(ii) Was removed from the tax roll as described in subsection (1)(b) of this section;

(b) Is not subject to the time to act limits of ORS 215.417; and

(c) If expired before January 1, 2014, shall be deemed to be valid and effective if, before January 1, 2015, the holder of the permit:

(i) Removes, demolishes or converts to an allowable nonresidential use the dwelling to be replaced; and

(ii) Causes to be recorded in the deed records of the county a statement that the dwelling to be replaced has been removed, demolished or converted. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.050 Wineries and cider businesses.

(1) Small Wineries and Cider Businesses. Small wineries and cider businesses are separate uses. The small winery provisions and standards of this subsection may not be applied to a cider business, nor may the provisions and standards for a cider business be applied to a small winery.

(a) A winery or cider business may be established as a permitted use if the proposed winery or cider business will produce wine with a maximum annual production of:

(i) Less than 50,000 gallons of wine for a winery or 100,000 gallons of cider for a cider business and the owner:

(A) Owns an on-site vineyard of at least 15 acres;

(B) Owns a contiguous vineyard of at least 15 acres;

(C) Has a long-term contract for the purchase of all of the grapes for a winery or apples or pears for a cider business from at least 15 acres of a vineyard contiguous to the winery or from an orchard contiguous to the cider business; or

(D) Obtains grapes for a winery or apple or pears for a cider business from any combination of subsection (1)(a)(i)(A), (B), or (C) of this section; or

(ii) At least 50,000 gallons of wine for a winery or 100,000 gallons of cider for a cider business and the owner:

(A) Owns an on-site vineyard for a winery or orchard for a cider business of at least 40 acres;

(B) Owns a contiguous vineyard for a winery or orchard for a cider business of at least 40 acres;

(C) Has a long-term contract for the purchase of all of the grapes for a winery or apples or pears for a cider business from at least 40 acres of a vineyard contiguous to the winery or from an orchard contiguous to the cider business;

(D) Owns an on-site vineyard for a winery or orchard for a cider business of at least 15 acres on a tract of at least 40 acres and owns at least 40 additional acres of vineyards for a winery or orchards for a cider business in Oregon that are located within 15 miles of the winery or cider business site; or

(E) Obtains grapes for a winery or apples or pears for a cider business from any combination of subsection (1)(a)(ii)(A), (B), (C) or (D) of this section.

(b) In addition to producing and distributing wine or cider, a small winery or cider business established under this section may:

(i) Market and sell wine produced in conjunction with the winery or cider produced in conjunction with the cider business.

(ii) Conduct operations that are directly related to the sale or marketing of wine produced in conjunction with the winery or cider produced in conjunction with the cider business, including:

(A) Wine or cider tastings in a tasting room or other location on the premises occupied by the winery for wine tastings or cider business for cider tastings;

(B) Wine or cider club activities;

(C) Winemaker or cidermaker luncheons and dinners;

(D) Winery and vineyard or cider business and orchard tours;

(E) Meetings or business activities with winery or cider business suppliers, distributors, wholesale customers and wine industry or cider industry members;

(F) Winery or cider business staff activities;

(G) Open house promotions of wine produced in conjunction with the winery or cider produced in conjunction with the cider business; and

(H) Similar activities conducted for the primary purpose of promoting wine produced in conjunction with the winery or cider produced in conjunction with the cider business.

(iii) Market and sell items directly related to the sale or promotion of wine produced in conjunction with the winery or cider produced in conjunction with the cider business, the marketing and sale of which is incidental to on-site retail sale of wine for a winery or cider for a cider business, including food and beverages:

(A) Required to be made available in conjunction with the consumption of wine or cider on the premises by the Liquor Control Act or rules adopted under the Liquor Control Act; or

(B) Served in conjunction with an activity authorized by subsection (1)(b)(ii), (iv), or (v) of this section.

(iv) Carry out agri-tourism or other commercial events on the tract occupied by the winery or cider business subject to subsection (1)(e) of this section.

(v) Host charitable activities for which the winery or cider business does not charge a facility rental fee.

(vi) Site a home occupation on the same tract, and in association with, the winery or cider business subject to CCC 18.160.050(7)(a)(xi) or (7)(b)(x).

(c) A winery or cider business may include on-site kitchen facilities licensed by the Oregon Health Authority under ORS 624.010 to 624.121 for the preparation of food and beverages described in subsection (1)(b)(iii) of this section. Food and beverage services authorized under subsection (1)(b)(iii) of this section may not utilize menu options or meal services that cause the kitchen facilities to function as a cafe or other dining establishment open to the public.

(d) The gross income of the winery or cider business from the sale of incidental items or services provided pursuant to subsections (1)(b)(iii) through (v) of this section may not exceed 25 percent of the gross income from the on-site retail sale of wine produced in conjunction with the winery or cider produced in conjunction with the cider business. The gross income of a winery or cider business does not include income received by third parties unaffiliated with the winery or cider business. At the request of the county, the winery or cider business shall submit to the county a written statement that is prepared by a certified public accountant and certifies the compliance of the winery or cider business with this subsection for the previous tax year.

(e) A winery or cider business may carry out up to 18 days of agri-tourism or other commercial events annually on the tract occupied by the winery or the cider business subject to:

(i) If a winery conducts agri-tourism or other commercial events authorized under this section, the winery may not conduct agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities authorized by CCC 18.16.055(1) to (4).

(ii) Agri-tourism and other commercial events or activities are subject to the requirements of CCC 18.16.055(8).

(f) A winery or cider business operating under this section shall provide parking for all activities or uses of the lot, parcel or tract on which the winery or cider business is established.

(g) Prior to the issuance of a permit to establish a winery or cider business under subsection (1)(a) of this section, the applicant shall show that vineyards or orchards described in subsection (1)(a) of this section have been planted or that the contract has been executed, as applicable.

(h) For the sole purpose of limiting demonstrated conflicts with accepted farming or forest practices on adjacent lands, the winery or cider business shall:

(i) Establish a setback of at least 100 feet from all property lines for the winery or cider business and all public gathering places unless the local government grants an adjustment or variance allowing a setback of less than 100 feet; and

(ii) Provide direct road access and internal circulation.

(2) Large Wineries.

(a) A large winery may be established if:

(i) The winery owns and is sited on a tract of 80 acres or more, at least 50 acres of which is a vineyard;

(ii) The winery owns at least 80 additional acres of planted vineyards in Oregon that need not be contiguous to the acreage described in subsection (2)(a)(i) of this section; and

(iii) The winery has produced annually, at the same or a different location, at least 150,000 gallons of wine in at least three of the five calendar years before the winery is established under this subsection.

(b) In addition to producing and distributing wine, a large winery may:

(i) Market and sell wine produced in conjunction with the winery;

(ii) Conduct operations that are directly related to the sale or marketing of wine produced in conjunction with the winery, including:

(A) Wine tastings in a tasting room or other location on the premises occupied by the winery;

(B) Wine club activities;

(C) Winemaker luncheons and dinners;

(D) Winery and vineyard tours;

(E) Meetings or business activities with winery suppliers, distributors, wholesale customers and wine industry members;

(F) Winery staff activities;

(G) Open house promotions of wine produced in conjunction with the winery; and

(H) Similar activities conducted for the primary purpose of promoting wine produced in conjunction with the winery;

(iii) Market and sell items directly related to the sale or promotion of wine produced in conjunction with the winery, the marketing and sale of which is incidental to retail sale of wine on site, including food and beverages:

(A) Required to be made available in conjunction with the consumption of wine on the premises by the Liquor Control Act or rules adopted under the Liquor Control Act; or

(B) Served in conjunction with an activity authorized by subsection (2)(b)(ii)(B), (D), or (E) of this section;

(iv) Provide services, including agri-tourism or other commercial events, hosted by the winery or patrons of the winery, at which wine produced in conjunction with the winery is featured, that:

(A) Are directly related to the sale or promotion of wine produced in conjunction with the winery;

(B) Are incidental to the retail sale of wine on site; and

(C) Are limited to 25 days or fewer in a calendar year; and

(D) Host charitable activities for which the winery does not charge a facility rental fee.

(c) Income Requirements.

(i) The gross income of the winery from the sale of incidental items pursuant to subsection (2)(b)(iii) of this section and services provided pursuant to subsection (2)(b)(iv) of this section may not exceed 25 percent of the gross income from the on-site retail sale of wine produced in conjunction with the winery.

(ii) At the request of a local government with land use jurisdiction over the site of a winery, the winery shall submit to the local government a written statement, prepared by a certified public accountant, that certifies compliance with subsection (2)(c)(i) of this section for the previous tax year.

(d) A large winery shall provide parking for all activities or uses of the lot, parcel or tract on which the winery is established.

(e) A large winery may operate a restaurant, as defined in ORS 624.010, in which food is prepared for consumption on the premises of the winery.

(f) Permit Requirements.

(i) A winery shall obtain a permit if the winery operates a restaurant that is open to the public for more than 25 days in a calendar year or provides for agri-tourism or other commercial events authorized under subsection (2)(b)(iv) of this section occurring on more than 25 days in a calendar year.

(ii) In addition to any other requirements, a local government may approve a permit application under this subsection if the local government finds that the authorized activity:

(A) Complies with the standards described in CCC 18.16.020(1) and (2);

(B) Is incidental and subordinate to the retail sale of wine produced in conjunction with the winery; and

(C) Does not materially alter the stability of the land use pattern in the area.

(iii) If the local government issues a permit under this subsection for agri-tourism or other commercial events, the local government shall review the permit at least once every five years and, if appropriate, may renew the permit.

(g) A person may not have a substantial ownership interest in more than one large winery operating a restaurant.

(h) Prior to the issuance of a permit to establish a large winery, the applicant shall show that vineyards described in subsection (2)(a) of this section have been planted.

(i) A large winery operating under subsection (2)(a) of this section shall provide for:

(i) Establishment of a setback of at least 100 feet from all property lines for the winery and all public gathering places; and

(ii) Direct road access and internal circulation.

(j) A large winery operating under subsection (2)(a) of this section may receive a permit to host outdoor concerts for which admission is charged, facility rentals or celebratory events if the winery received a permit in similar circumstances before August 2, 2011.

(3) As used in this section:

(a) “Agri-tourism or other commercial events” includes outdoor concerts for which admission is charged, educational, cultural, health or lifestyle events, facility rentals, celebratory gatherings and other events at which the promotion of wine produced in conjunction with the winery or cider produced in conjunction with a cider business is a secondary purpose of the event.

(b) “Cider” means an alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of the juice of apples or pears and includes, but is not limited to, flavored cider, sparkling cider, and carbonated cider.

(c) “Cider business” means a facility used primarily for the commercial production, shipping and distribution, wholesale or retail sales, tasting, crushing, making, blending, storage, bottling, administrative functions or warehousing of cider.

(d) “On-site retail sale” for wineries includes the retail sale of wine in person at the winery site, through a wine club or over the internet or telephone. For cider businesses, “on-site retail sale” includes the retail sale of cider in person at a cider business, through a cider club, or over the internet or telephone. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.052 Farm brewery – Conditions – Permissible uses – Reporting.

(1) Definitions.

(a) “Agri-tourism or other commercial events” includes outdoor concerts for which admission is charged, educational, cultural, health or lifestyle events, facility rentals, celebratory gatherings and other events at which the promotion of malt beverages produced in conjunction with the farm brewery is a secondary purpose of the event.

(b) “Brewer” means a person who makes malt beverages.

(c) “Farm brewery” means a facility, located on or contiguous to a hop farm, used primarily for the commercial production, shipping and distribution, wholesale or retail sales, or tasting of malt beverages made with ingredients grown on the hop farm.

(d) “Hop farm” means a tract of land planted with hops.

(e) “Malt beverage” has the meaning given that term in ORS 471.001.

(f) “On-site retail sale” includes the retail sale of malt beverages in person at the farm brewery site, through a club or over the Internet or telephone.

(2)(a) A farm brewery may be established as a permitted use on land zoned for exclusive farm use under ORS 215.213(1)(bb) and 215.283(1)(z) or on land zoned for mixed farm and forest use if the farm brewery:

(i) Produces less than 150,000 barrels of malt beverages annually, inclusive of malt beverages produced by the farm brewery’s owners or operators at the farm brewery or elsewhere, through any entity owned or affiliated with the farm brewery;

(ii) Produces less than 15,000 barrels of malt beverages annually on the farm brewery site; and

(iii)(A) Owns an on-site hop farm of at least 15 acres;

(B) Owns a contiguous hop farm of at least 15 acres;

(C) Has a long-term contract for the purchase of all of the hops from at least 15 acres of a hop farm contiguous to the farm brewery; or

(D) Obtains hops from a total of 15 acres from any combination of sources described in subsection (2)(a)(i), (2)(a)(ii) or (2)(a)(iii) of this section.

(b) For purposes of this subsection (2), land planted with other ingredients used in malt beverages produced by the farm brewery counts towards the acreage minimums.

(3) In addition to any other activities authorized for a farm brewery, a farm brewery established under this section may:

(a) Market malt beverages produced in conjunction with the farm brewery.

(b) Conduct operations that are directly related to the sale or marketing of malt beverages produced in conjunction with the farm brewery, including:

(i) Malt beverage tastings in a tasting room or other location on the premises occupied by the farm brewery;

(ii) Malt beverage club activities;

(iii) Brewer luncheons and dinners;

(iv) Farm brewery and hop farm tours;

(v) Meetings or business activities with farm brewery suppliers, distributors, wholesale customers and malt beverage industry members;

(vi) Farm brewery staff activities;

(vii) Open house promotions of malt beverages produced in conjunction with the farm brewery; and

(viii) Similar activities conducted for the primary purpose of promoting malt beverages produced in conjunction with the farm brewery.

(c) Market and sell items directly related to the sale or promotion of malt beverages produced in conjunction with the farm brewery, the marketing and sale of which is incidental to on-site retail sale of malt beverages, including food and beverages:

(i) Required to be made available in conjunction with the consumption of malt beverages on the premises by the Liquor Control Act or rules adopted under the Liquor Control Act; or

(ii) Served in conjunction with an activity authorized by subsection (3)(b), (3)(d) or (3)(e) of this section.

(d) Subject to subsections (5) to (8) of this section, carry out agri-tourism or other commercial events on the tract occupied by the farm brewery.

(e) Host charitable activities for which the farm brewery does not charge a facility rental fee.

(f) Site a bed and breakfast as a home occupation on the same tract as, and in association with, the farm brewery.

(4) A farm brewery may include on-site kitchen facilities licensed by the Oregon Health Authority under ORS 624.010 to 624.121 for the preparation of food and beverages described in subsection (3)(c) of this section. Food and beverage services authorized under subsection (3)(c) of this section may not utilize menu options or meal services that cause the kitchen facilities to function as a cafe or other dining establishment open to the public.

(5)(a) The gross income of the farm brewery from the sale of incidental items or services provided pursuant to subsection (3)(c) to (3)(e) of this section may not exceed 25 percent of the gross income from the on-site retail sale of malt beverages produced in conjunction with the farm brewery. The gross income of a farm brewery does not include income received by third parties unaffiliated with the farm brewery.

(b) At the request of a local government with land use jurisdiction over the site of a farm brewery, the farm brewery shall submit to the local government a written statement prepared by a certified public accountant that certifies the compliance of the farm brewery with this subsection (5) for the previous tax year.

(6) Except as provided by subsection (8) of this section, a farm brewery may carry out agri-tourism or other commercial events described in subsection (3)(d) of this section for up to 18 days per calendar year.

(7)(a) A local government with land use jurisdiction over the site of a farm brewery shall ensure that agri-tourism or other commercial events occurring as described in subsection (3)(d) of this section are subordinate to the production and sale of malt beverages and do not create significant adverse impacts to uses on surrounding land.

(b) A local government may impose conditions on a license or permit issued pursuant to subsection (6) of this section as necessary to meet the requirements of subsection (7)(a) of this section. The conditions must be related to:

(i) The number of event attendees;

(ii) The hours of event operation;

(iii) Access and parking;

(iv) Traffic management;

(v) Noise management; and

(vi) Sanitation and solid waste.

(8) A local government may charge a fee for processing a license or permit under subsection (6) of this section. The fee may not exceed the actual or average cost of providing the applicable licensing or permitting service.

(9) When a bed and breakfast facility is sited as a home occupation on the same tract as a farm brewery as described in subsection (3)(f) of this section:

(a) The bed and breakfast facility may prepare and serve two meals per day to the registered guests of the bed and breakfast facility; and

(b) The meals may be served at the bed and breakfast facility or at the farm brewery.

(10) A farm brewery operating under this section shall provide parking for all activities or uses of the tract on which the farm brewery is situated.

(11) A local government with land use jurisdiction over the site of a farm brewery shall ensure that the farm brewery complies with:

(a) Local criteria regarding floodplains, geologic hazards, the Willamette River Greenway, solar access and airport safety;

(b) Regulations of general applicability for the public health and safety; and

(c) Regulations for resource protection acknowledged to comply with any statewide goal relating to open spaces, scenic and historic areas and natural resources.

(12)(a) For the purpose of limiting demonstrated conflicts with accepted farm and forest practices on adjacent lands, a local government with land use jurisdiction over the site of a farm brewery shall:

(i) Except as provided in subsection (12)(b) of this section, establish a setback of at least 100 feet from all property lines for the farm brewery and all public gathering places; and

(ii) Require farm breweries to provide direct road access and internal circulation for the farm brewery and all public gathering places.

(b) A local government may allow a setback of less than 100 feet by granting a farm brewery an adjustment or variance to the requirement described in subsection (12)(a)(i) of this section. (Ord. 344 § 3 (Exh. B), 2024)

18.16.055 Agri-tourism and other commercial events.

The following agri-tourism and other commercial events or activities that are related to and supportive of agriculture may be established:

(1) A single agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity on a tract in a calendar year that is personal to the applicant and is not transferred by, or transferable with, a conveyance of the tract, if the agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity meets any local standards that apply and:

(a) The agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity is incidental and subordinate to existing farm use on the tract;

(b) The duration of the agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity does not exceed 72 consecutive hours;

(c) The maximum attendance at the agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity does not exceed 500 people;

(d) The maximum number of motor vehicles parked at the site of the agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity does not exceed 250 vehicles;

(e) The agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity will not force a significant change in accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding lands devoted to farm or forest use; and will not significantly increase the cost of accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding lands devoted to farm or forest use;

(f) The agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity occurs outdoors, in temporary structures, or in existing permitted structures, subject to health and fire and life safety requirements; and

(g) The agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity complies with conditions regarding:

(i) Planned hours of operation;

(ii) Access, egress and parking;

(iii) A traffic management plan that identifies the projected number of vehicles and any anticipated use of public roads; and

(iv) Sanitation and solid waste.

(2) In the alternative to subsections (1) and (3) of this section, the county may authorize, through an expedited, single-event license, a single agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity on a tract in a calendar year by an expedited, single-event license that is personal to the applicant and is not transferred by, or transferable with, a conveyance of the tract. A decision concerning an expedited, single-event license is not a land use decision, as defined in ORS 197.015. To approve an expedited, single-event license, the governing body of the county or its designee must determine that the proposed agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity meets any local standards that apply, and the agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity:

(a) Must be incidental and subordinate to existing farm use on the tract;

(b) May not begin before 6:00 a.m. or end after 10:00 p.m.;

(c) May not involve more than 100 attendees or 50 vehicles;

(d) May not include the artificial amplification of music or voices before 8:00 a.m. or after 8:00 p.m.;

(e) May not require or involve the construction or use of a new permanent structure in connection with the agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity;

(f) Must be located on a tract of at least 10 acres unless the owners or residents of adjoining properties consent, in writing, to the location; and

(g) Must comply with applicable health and fire and life safety requirements.

(3) In the alternative to subsections (1) and (2) of this section, the county may authorize up to six agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities on a tract in a calendar year by a limited use permit that is personal to the applicant and is not transferred by, or transferable with, a conveyance of the tract. The agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities must meet any local standards that apply, and the agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities:

(a) Must be incidental and subordinate to existing farm use on the tract;

(b) May not, individually, exceed a duration of 72 consecutive hours;

(c) May not require that a new permanent structure be built, used or occupied in connection with the agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities;

(d) Will not force a significant change in accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding lands devoted to farm or forest use; and will not significantly increase the cost of accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding lands devoted to farm or forest use;

(e) May not, in combination with other agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities authorized in the area, materially alter the stability of the land use pattern in the area; and

(f) Must comply with:

(i) The types of agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities that are authorized during each calendar year, including the number and duration of the agri-tourism or other commercial events and activities, the anticipated daily attendance and the hours of operation;

(ii) The location of existing structures and the location of proposed temporary structures to be used in connection with the agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities;

(iii) The location of access and egress and parking facilities to be used in connection with the agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities;

(iv) Traffic management, including the projected number of vehicles and any anticipated use of public roads; and

(v) Sanitation and solid waste.

(g) A permit authorized by this subsection shall be valid for two calendar years. When considering an application for renewal, the county shall ensure compliance with the provisions of this subsection, any local standards that apply and conditions that apply to the permit or to the agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities authorized by the permit.

(4) In addition to subsections (1) to (3) of this section, the county may authorize agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities that occur more frequently or for a longer period or that do not otherwise comply with subsections (1) to (3) of this section if the agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities comply with any local standards that apply and the agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities:

(a) Are incidental and subordinate to existing commercial farm use of the tract and are necessary to support the commercial farm uses or the commercial agricultural enterprises in the area;

(b) Comply with the requirements of subsections (3)(c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section;

(c) Occur on a lot or parcel that complies with the acknowledged minimum lot or parcel size; and

(d) Do not exceed 18 events or activities in a calendar year.

(5) A holder of a permit authorized by the county under subsection (4) of this section must request review of the permit at four-year intervals. Upon receipt of a request for review, the county shall:

(a) Provide public notice and an opportunity for public comment as part of the review process; and

(b) Limit its review to events and activities authorized by the permit, conformance with conditions of approval required by the permit and the standards established by subsection (4) of this section.

(6) Temporary structures established in connection with agri-tourism or other commercial events or activities may be permitted. The temporary structures must be removed at the end of the agri-tourism or other event or activity. Alteration to the land in connection with an agri-tourism or other commercial event or activity including, but not limited to, grading, filling or paving, are not permitted.

(7) The authorizations provided by this section are in addition to other authorizations that may be provided by law, except that “outdoor mass gathering” and “other gathering,” as those terms are used in ORS 197.015(10)(d), do not include agri-tourism or other commercial events and activities. (Ord. 330 § 2 (Exh. A), 2022; Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.060 Commercial facilities for generating power.

(1) Commercial Power Generating Facility.

(a) Permanent features of a power generation facility shall not use, occupy, or cover more than:

(i) Twelve acres on high-value farmland unless an exception is taken pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4; or

(ii) Twenty acres on land other than high-value farmland unless an exception is taken pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4.

(b) A power generation facility may include on-site and off-site facilities for temporary workforce housing for workers constructing a power generation facility. Such facilities must be removed or converted to an allowed use under OAR 660-033-0130(19) or other statute or rule when project construction is complete.

(c) Temporary workforce housing facilities not included in the initial approval may be considered through a minor amendment request. A minor amendment request shall be subject to OAR 660-033-0130(5) and shall have no effect on the original approval.

(2) Wind Power Generation Facility.

(a) For purposes of this chapter a wind power generation facility includes, but is not limited to, the following system components: all wind turbine towers and concrete pads, permanent meteorological towers and wind measurement devices, electrical cable collection systems connecting wind turbine towers with the relevant power substation, new or expanded private roads (whether temporary or permanent) constructed to serve the wind power generation facility, office and operation and maintenance buildings, temporary lay-down areas and all other necessary appurtenances, including but not limited to on-site and off-site facilities for temporary workforce housing for workers constructing a wind power generation facility.

(i) Temporary workforce housing described in subsection (1)(b) of this section must be removed or converted to an allowed use under OAR 660-033-0130(19) or other statute or rule when project construction is complete.

(ii) Temporary workforce housing facilities not included in the initial approval may be considered through a minor amendment request filed after a decision to approve a power generation facility. A minor amendment request shall be subject to OAR 660-033-0130(5) and shall have no effect on the original approval.

(b) For wind power generation facility proposals on high-value farmland soils, as described at ORS 195.300(10), the governing body or its designate must find that all of the following are satisfied:

(i) Reasonable alternatives have been considered to show that siting the wind power generation facility or component thereof on high-value farmland soils is necessary for the facility or component to function properly or if a road system or turbine string must be placed on such soils to achieve a reasonably direct route considering the following factors:

(A) Technical and engineering feasibility;

(B) Availability of existing rights-of-way; and

(C) The long-term environmental, economic, social and energy consequences of siting the facility or component on alternative sites, as determined under subsection (2)(b)(ii) of this section;

(ii) The long-term environmental, economic, social and energy consequences resulting from the wind power generation facility or any components thereof at the proposed site with measures designed to reduce adverse impacts are not significantly more adverse than would typically result from the same proposal being located on other agricultural lands that do not include high-value farmland soils;

(iii) Costs associated with any of the factors listed in subsection (2)(b)(i) of this section may be considered, but costs alone may not be the only consideration in determining that siting any component of a wind power generation facility on high-value farmland soils is necessary;

(iv) The owner of a wind power generation facility approved under this subsection (2)(b) shall be responsible for restoring, as nearly as possible, to its former condition any agricultural land and associated improvements that are damaged or otherwise disturbed by the siting, maintenance, repair or reconstruction of the facility. Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the owner of the facility from requiring a bond or other security from a contractor or otherwise imposing on a contractor the responsibility for restoration; and

(v) The criteria of subsection (2)(c) of this section are satisfied.

(c) For wind power generation facility proposals on arable lands, meaning lands that are cultivated or suitable for cultivation, including high-value farmland soils described at ORS 195.300(10), the governing body or its designate must find that:

(i) The proposed wind power facility will not create unnecessary negative impacts on agricultural operations conducted on the subject property. Negative impacts could include, but are not limited to, the unnecessary construction of roads, dividing a field or multiple fields in such a way that creates small or isolated pieces of property that are more difficult to farm, and placing wind farm components such as meteorological towers on lands in a manner that could disrupt common and accepted farming practices;

(ii) The presence of a proposed wind power facility will not result in unnecessary soil erosion or loss that could limit agricultural productivity on the subject property. This provision may be satisfied by the submittal and county approval of a soil and erosion control plan prepared by an adequately qualified individual, showing how unnecessary soil erosion will be avoided or remedied and how topsoil will be stripped, stockpiled and clearly marked. The approved plan shall be attached to the decision as a condition of approval;

(iii) Construction or maintenance activities will not result in unnecessary soil compaction that reduces the productivity of soil for crop production. This provision may be satisfied by the submittal and county approval of a plan prepared by an adequately qualified individual, showing how unnecessary soil compaction will be avoided or remedied in a timely manner through deep soil decompaction or other appropriate practices. The approved plan shall be attached to the decision as a condition of approval; and

(iv) Construction or maintenance activities will not result in the unabated introduction or spread of noxious weeds and other undesirable weeds species. This provision may be satisfied by the submittal and county approval of a weed control plan prepared by an adequately qualified individual that includes a long-term maintenance agreement. The approved plan shall be attached to the decision as a condition of approval.

(d) For wind power generation facility proposals on nonarable lands, meaning lands that are not suitable for cultivation, the requirements of subsection (2)(c)(iv) of this section are satisfied.

(e) In the event that a wind power generation facility is proposed on a combination of arable and nonarable lands as described in subsections (2)(c) and (d) of this section, the approval criteria of subsection (2)(c) of ths section shall apply to the entire project.

(f) Standards for wind generating facilities found in CCC 18.161.010 shall also apply.

(3) Photovoltaic Solar Power Generation Facility. A proposal to site a photovoltaic solar power generation facility shall be subject to the following definitions and provisions:

(a) “Arable land” means land in a tract that is predominantly cultivated or, if not currently cultivated, predominantly comprised of arable soils.

(b) “Arable soils” means soils that are suitable for cultivation as determined by the governing body or its designate based on substantial evidence in the record of a local land use application, but “arable soils” do not include high-value farmland soils described at ORS 195.300(10) unless otherwise stated.

(c) “Nonarable land” means land in a tract that is predominantly not cultivated and predominantly comprised of nonarable soils.

(d) “Nonarable soils” means soils that are not suitable for cultivation. Soils with an NRCS agricultural capability Class V – VIII and no history of irrigation shall be considered nonarable in all cases. The governing body or its designate may determine other soils, including soils with a past history of irrigation, to be nonarable based on substantial evidence in the record of a local land use application.

(e) “Photovoltaic solar power generation facility” includes, but is not limited to, an assembly of equipment that converts sunlight into electricity and then stores, transfers, or both, that electricity. This includes photovoltaic modules, mounting and solar tracking equipment, foundations, inverters, wiring, storage devices and other components. Photovoltaic solar power generation facilities also include electrical cable collection systems connecting the photovoltaic solar generation facility to a transmission line, all necessary grid integration equipment, new or expanded private roads constructed to serve the photovoltaic solar power generation facility, office, operation and maintenance buildings, staging areas and all other necessary appurtenances. For purposes of applying the acreage standards of this section, a photovoltaic solar power generation facility includes all existing and proposed facilities on a single tract, as well as any existing and proposed facilities determined to be under common ownership on lands with fewer than 1,320 feet of separation from the tract on which the new facility is proposed to be sited. Projects connected to the same parent company or individuals shall be considered to be in common ownership, regardless of the operating business structure. A photovoltaic solar power generation facility does not include a net metering project established consistent with ORS 757.300 and Chapter 860 OAR, Division 39 or a feed-in-tariff project established consistent with ORS 757.365 and Chapter 860 OAR, Division 84.

(f) For high-value farmland described at ORS 195.300(10), a photovoltaic solar power generation facility shall not preclude more than 12 acres from use as a commercial agricultural enterprise unless an exception is taken pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4 or the requirements of subsection (3)(g) of this section are met. The governing body or its designate must find that:

(i) The proposed photovoltaic solar power generation facility will not create unnecessary negative impacts on agricultural operations conducted on any portion of the subject property not occupied by project components. Negative impacts could include, but are not limited to, the unnecessary construction of roads dividing a field or multiple fields in such a way that creates small or isolated pieces of property that are more difficult to farm, and placing photovoltaic solar power generation facility project components on lands in a manner that could disrupt common and accepted farming practices;

(ii) The presence of a photovoltaic solar power generation facility will not result in unnecessary soil erosion or loss that could limit agricultural productivity on the subject property. This provision may be satisfied by the submittal and county approval of a soil and erosion control plan prepared by an adequately qualified individual, showing how unnecessary soil erosion will be avoided or remedied and how topsoil will be stripped, stockpiled and clearly marked. The approved plan shall be attached to the decision as a condition of approval;

(iii) Construction or maintenance activities will not result in unnecessary soil compaction that reduces the productivity of soil for crop production. This provision may be satisfied by the submittal and county approval of a plan prepared by an adequately qualified individual, showing how unnecessary soil compaction will be avoided or remedied in a timely manner through deep soil decompaction or other appropriate practices. The approved plan shall be attached to the decision as a condition of approval;

(iv) Construction or maintenance activities will not result in the unabated introduction or spread of noxious weeds and other undesirable weed species. This provision may be satisfied by the submittal and county approval of a weed control plan prepared by an adequately qualified individual that includes a long-term maintenance agreement. The approved plan shall be attached to the decision as a condition of approval;

(v) The project is not located on high-value farmland soils unless it can be demonstrated that:

(A) Non-high-value farmland soils are not available on the subject tract;

(B) Siting the project on non-high-value farmland soils present on the subject tract would significantly reduce the project’s ability to operate successfully; or

(C) The proposed site is better suited to allow continuation of an existing commercial farm or ranching operation on the subject tract than other possible sites also located on the subject tract, including those comprised of non-high-value farmland soils; and

(vi) A study area consisting of lands zoned for exclusive farm use located within one mile measured from the center of the proposed project shall be established and:

(A) If fewer than 48 acres of photovoltaic solar power generation facilities have been constructed or received land use approvals and obtained building permits within the study area, no further action is necessary.

(B) When at least 48 acres of photovoltaic solar power generation have been constructed or received land use approvals and obtained building permits, either as a single project or as multiple facilities within the study area, the local government or its designate must find that the photovoltaic solar energy generation facility will not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern of the area. The stability of the land use pattern will be materially altered if the overall effect of existing and potential photovoltaic solar energy generation facilities will make it more difficult for the existing farms and ranches in the area to continue operation due to diminished opportunities to expand, purchase or lease farmland or acquire water rights, or will reduce the number of tracts or acreage in farm use in a manner that will destabilize the overall character of the study area.

(g) For arable lands, a photovoltaic solar power generation facility shall not preclude more than 20 acres from use as a commercial agricultural enterprise unless an exception is taken pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4. The governing body or its designate must find that:

(i) The project is not located on high-value farmland soils or arable soils unless it can be demonstrated that:

(A) Nonarable soils are not available on the subject tract;

(B) Siting the project on nonarable soils present on the subject tract would significantly reduce the project’s ability to operate successfully; or

(C) The proposed site is better suited to allow continuation of an existing commercial farm or ranching operation on the subject tract than other possible sites also located on the subject tract, including those comprised of nonarable soils;

(ii) No more than 12 acres of the project will be sited on high-value farmland soils described at ORS 195.300(10) unless an exception is taken pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4;

(iii) A study area consisting of lands zoned for exclusive farm use located within one mile measured from the center of the proposed project shall be established and:

(A) If fewer than 80 acres of photovoltaic solar power generation facilities have been constructed or received land use approvals and obtained building permits within the study area no further action is necessary.

(B) When at least 80 acres of photovoltaic solar power generation have been constructed or received land use approvals and obtained building permits, either as a single project or as multiple facilities, within the study area the local government or its designate must find that the photovoltaic solar energy generation facility will not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern of the area. The stability of the land use pattern will be materially altered if the overall effect of existing and potential photovoltaic solar energy generation facilities will make it more difficult for the existing farms and ranches in the area to continue operation due to diminished opportunities to expand, purchase or lease farmland, acquire water rights or diminish the number of tracts or acreage in farm use in a manner that will destabilize the overall character of the study area; and

(iv) The requirements of subsections (3)(f)(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this section are satisfied.

(h) For nonarable lands, a photovoltaic solar power generation facility shall not preclude more than 320 acres from use as a commercial agricultural enterprise unless an exception is taken pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4. The governing body or its designate must find that:

(i) The project is not located on high-value farmland soils or arable soils unless it can be demonstrated that:

(A) Siting the project on nonarable soils present on the subject tract would significantly reduce the project’s ability to operate successfully; or

(B) The proposed site is better suited to allow continuation of an existing commercial farm or ranching operation on the subject tract as compared to other possible sites also located on the subject tract, including sites that are comprised of nonarable soils;

(ii) No more than 12 acres of the project will be sited on high-value farmland soils described at ORS 195.300(10);

(iii) No more than 20 acres of the project will be sited on arable soils unless an exception is taken pursuant to ORS 197.732 and Chapter 660 OAR, Division 4;

(iv) The requirements of subsection (3)(f)(iv) of this section are satisfied;

(v) If a photovoltaic solar power generation facility is proposed to be developed on lands that contain a Goal 5 resource protected under the county’s comprehensive plan, and the plan does not address conflicts between energy facility development and the resource, the applicant and the county, together with any state or federal agency responsible for protecting the resource or habitat supporting the resource, will cooperatively develop a specific resource management plan to mitigate potential development conflicts. If there is no program present to protect the listed Goal 5 resource(s) present in the local comprehensive plan or implementing ordinances and the applicant and the appropriate resource management agency(ies) cannot successfully agree on a cooperative resource management plan, the county is responsible for determining appropriate mitigation measures; and

(vi) If a proposed photovoltaic solar power generation facility is located on lands where the potential exists for adverse effects to state or federal special status species (threatened, endangered, candidate, or sensitive), or to wildlife species of concern identified and mapped by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (including big game winter range and migration corridors, golden eagle and prairie falcon nest sites, and pigeon springs), the applicant shall conduct a site-specific assessment of the subject property in consultation with all appropriate state, federal, and tribal wildlife management agencies. A professional biologist shall conduct the site-specific assessment by using methodologies accepted by the appropriate wildlife management agency and shall determine whether adverse effects to special status species or wildlife species of concern are anticipated. Based on the results of the biologist’s report, the site shall be designed to avoid adverse effects to state or federal special status species or to wildlife species of concern as described above. If the applicant’s site-specific assessment shows that adverse effects cannot be avoided, the applicant and the appropriate wildlife management agency will cooperatively develop an agreement for project-specific mitigation to offset the potential adverse effects of the facility. Where the applicant and the resource management agency cannot agree on what mitigation will be carried out, the county is responsible for determining appropriate mitigation, if any, required for the facility.

(vii) The provisions of subsection (3)(h)(vi) of this section are repealed on January 1, 2022.

(i) The project owner shall sign and record in the deed records for the county a document binding the project owner and the project owner’s successors in interest, prohibiting them from pursuing a claim for relief or cause of action alleging injury from farming or forest practices as defined in ORS 30.930(2) and (4).

(j) Nothing in this section shall prevent the county from requiring a bond or other security from a developer or otherwise imposing on a developer the responsibility for retiring the photovoltaic solar power generation facility.

(k) Standards for solar photovoltaic generating facilities found in CCC 18.161.010 shall also apply. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.065 Use limitations.

No conflicting use shall be allowed in any Goal 5 mining impact area designated in the comprehensive plan without first obtaining approval under the standards and criteria set forth in this section.

(1) Review and Approval Criteria. An application for review shall be required for a conflicting use in an impact area prior to commencement of construction of the use. The approving authority shall review and approve the application, provided:

(a) The proposed use is consistent with the ESEE analysis in the comprehensive plan; and

(b) The proposed use will not prevent the adjacent aggregate operator from meeting the standards and conditions set forth in Chapter 18.144 CCC.

(2) Waiver of Remonstrance. The applicant for site plan approval of a conflicting use in the Goal 5 mining impact area shall sign and record in the Crook County real property records, in a manner acceptable to the Crook County clerk, a statement declaring that the applicant and his or her successors will not now or in the future complain about the allowed surface mining activities on the adjacent surface mining site.

(3) Development Agreement and Performance Bond. As a condition of approval, the applicant will be required to execute a development agreement with the county and to provide security approved by the county to ensure full and faithful performance of any required improvements. The agreement and security will be in accordance with CCC 17.40.080 and 17.40.090. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.070 Land divisions.

(1) Minimum Parcel Size.

(a) The minimum size creation for a new parcel in the county’s EFU-1 zone shall be 160 acres unless a larger minimum size is necessary to satisfy this section based on an evaluation of the subject property and commercial agricultural enterprises located in the same zone at least one mile from the property boundary of the subject property, which shows the proposed parcels are greater than typical commercial agricultural enterprise in the area.

(b) The minimum size for creation of a new parcel in the county’s EFU-2 zone shall be 80 acres.

(c) The minimum size for creation of a new parcel in the county’s EFU-3 zone shall be 160 acres.

(d) A lot or parcel of less than 160 acres, but equal to or greater than the minimum lot size established by ORS 215.780, may be approved as a farm unit pursuant to the administrative review procedures under Chapter 18.172 CCC, when found to comply with the following:

(i) Any proposed parcel below 160 acres shall have usable water rights and water availability of adequate quantity to ensure the operation of irrigated farming techniques of commercial levels;

(ii) The proposed parcels must be of a size and shape that is efficient for the use of farm machinery, including: cultivating, harvesting, and spraying equipment. The proposed division shall not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern of the area.

(2) A division of land to accommodate a use permitted as a conditional use “C” in Table 1, except any residential use or Use 3.6, 5.8, and 7.5, smaller than the minimum parcel size provided in subsection (1) of this section may be approved if the parcel for the nonfarm use is not larger than the minimum size necessary for the use.

(3) A division of land to create up to two new parcels smaller than the minimum size established under subsection (1) of this section, each to contain a dwelling not provided in conjunction with farm use, may be permitted if:

(a) The nonfarm dwellings have been approved under CCC 18.16.040;

(b) The parcels for the nonfarm dwellings are divided from a lot or parcel that was lawfully created prior to July 1, 2001;

(c) The parcels for the nonfarm dwellings are divided from a lot or parcel that complies with the minimum size in subsection (1) of this section; and

(d) The remainder of the original lot or parcel that does not contain the nonfarm dwellings complies with the minimum size established under subsection (1) of this section.

(4) A division of land to divide a lot or parcel into two parcels, each to contain one dwelling not provided in conjunction with farm use, may be permitted if:

(a) The nonfarm dwellings have been approved under CCC 18.16.040;

(b) The parcels for the nonfarm dwellings are divided from a lot or parcel that was lawfully created prior to July 1, 2001;

(c) The parcels for the nonfarm dwellings are divided from a lot or parcel that is equal to or smaller than the minimum size in subsection (1) of this section but equal to or larger than 40 acres;

(d) The parcels for the nonfarm dwellings are:

(i) Not capable of producing more than at least 20 cubic feet per acre per year of wood fiber; and

(ii) Either composed of at least 90 percent Class VII and VIII soils, or composed of at least 90 percent Class VI through VIII soils and are not capable of producing adequate herbaceous forage for grazing livestock. The land conservation and development commission, in cooperation with the State Department of Agriculture and other interested persons, may establish by rule objective criteria for identifying units of land that are not capable of producing adequate herbaceous forage for grazing livestock. In developing the criteria, the commission shall use the latest information from the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service and consider costs required to utilize grazing lands that differ in acreage and productivity level; and

(e) The parcels for the nonfarm dwellings do not have established water rights for irrigation.

(5) This section does not apply to divisions of land resulting from lien foreclosures or divisions of land resulting from foreclosure of recorded contracts for the sale of real property.

(6) This section does not allow a division or a property line adjustment of a lot or parcel that separates Use 2.2, 2.8, or 3.7 in Table 1 from the lot or parcel on which the primary residential use exists.

(7) This section does not apply to the creation or sale of cemetery lots, if a cemetery is within the boundaries designated for a farm use zone at the time the zone is established.

(8) This section does not allow a division or a property line adjustment of a lot or parcel that separates a processing facility from the farm operation specified in Use 1.6 in Table 1.

(9) A division of land may be permitted to create a parcel with an existing dwelling to be used:

(a) As a residential home as described in ORS 197.660(2) only if the dwelling has been approved under CCC 18.16.040; and

(b) For historic property that meets the requirements of Use 2.6 in Table 1.

(10) Notwithstanding the minimum lot or parcel size described in subsection (1) of this section:

(a) A division of land may be approved provided:

(i) The land division is for the purpose of allowing a provider of public parks or open space, or a not-for-profit land conservation organization, to purchase at least one of the resulting parcels; and

(ii) A parcel created by the land division that contains a dwelling is large enough to support continued residential use of the parcel.

(iii) The landowner signs and records in the deed records for the county an irrevocable deed restriction prohibiting the owner, and the owner’s successors in interest, from pursuing a cause of action or claim of relief alleging an injury from farming or forest practices for which no claim or action is allowed under ORS 30.936 or 30.937.

(b) A parcel created pursuant to this subsection that does not contain a dwelling:

(i) Is not eligible for siting a dwelling, except as may be authorized under ORS 195.120;

(ii) May not be considered in approving or denying an application for siting any other dwelling;

(iii) May not be considered in approving a redesignation or rezoning of forest lands except for a redesignation or rezoning to allow a public park, open space or other natural resource use; and

(iv) May not be smaller than 25 acres unless the purpose of the land division is to facilitate the creation of a wildlife or pedestrian corridor or the implementation of a wildlife habitat protection plan or to allow a transaction in which at least one party is a public park or open space provider, or a not-for-profit land conservation organization, that has cumulative ownership of at least 2,000 acres of open space or park property.

(11) A division of land smaller than the minimum lot or parcel size in subsection (1) of this section may be approved provided:

(a) The division is for the purpose of establishing a church, including cemeteries in conjunction with the church;

(b) The church has been approved under Use 7.13 in Table 1;

(c) The newly created lot or parcel is not larger than five acres; and

(d) The remaining lot or parcel, not including the church, meets the minimum lot or parcel size described in subsection (1) of this section either by itself or after it is consolidated with another lot or parcel.

(12) Notwithstanding the minimum lot or parcel size described subsection (1) of this section, a division for the nonfarm uses set out in Use 7.2 in Table 1 if the parcel for the nonfarm use is not larger than the minimum size necessary for the use.

(13) The governing body of a county may not approve a division of land for nonfarm use under subsection (2), (3), (4), (9), (10), (11), or (12) of this section unless any additional tax imposed for the change in use has been paid.

(14) A land division may not be approved for the land application of reclaimed water, agricultural or industrial process water, or biosolids as described under Use 6.2 in Table 1.

(15) Parcels used or to be used for training or stabling facilities may not be considered appropriate to maintain the existing commercial agricultural enterprise in an area where other types of agriculture occur.

(16) A division of a lawfully established unit of land may occur along an urban growth boundary where the parcel remaining outside the urban growth boundary is zoned for agricultural uses and is smaller than the minimum parcel size; provided, that:

(a) If the parcel contains a dwelling, the parcel must be large enough to support the continued residential use.

(b) If the parcel does not contain a dwelling, it:

(i) Is not eligible for siting a dwelling, except as may be authorized in ORS 195.120;

(ii) May not be considered in approving or denying an application for any other dwelling; and

(iii) May not be considered in approving a redesignation or rezoning of agricultural lands, except to allow a public park, open space, or other natural resource use.

(iv) The landowner signs and records in the deed records for the county an irrevocable deed restriction prohibiting the owner, and the owner’s successors in interest, from pursuing a cause of action or claim of relief alleging an injury from farming or forest practices for which no claim or action is allowed under ORS 30.936 or 30.937.

(17) Minimum lot size in areas identified as big game winter range shall be:

(a) Three hundred twenty acres within the elk wintering range as designated in the county’s comprehensive plan, Goal 5 element.

(b) One hundred sixty acres within the critical deer winter range as designated in the county’s comprehensive plan, Goal 5 element. In EFU-3 only, 40 acres within the critical deer winter range in the county’s comprehensive plan, Goal 5 element.

(c) Eighty acres within the general winter range as designated in the county’s comprehensive plan, Goal 5 element. In EFU-3 only, 40 acres within the critical deer winter range in the county’s comprehensive plan, Goal 5 element. (Ord. 317 § 2, 2020; Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.075 Development standards.

All dwellings and structures approved pursuant to Table 1 shall be sited in accordance with this section.

(1) Lot Size Standards. Lot size shall be consistent with the requirements of CCC 18.16.070.

(2) In an EFU zone, the minimum setback of a structure shall be as follows:

(a) Front setback shall be:

(i) Twenty feet from the property line for a property fronting on a local minor collector or marginal access street.

(ii) Thirty feet from a property line fronting on a major collector ROW.

(iii) Eighty feet from an arterial ROW unless other provisions for combining accesses are provided and approved by the county.

(b) Each side setback shall be a minimum of 20 feet from property line, except corner lots where the side yard on the street side shall be a minimum of 30 feet.

(c) Rear setback shall be a minimum of 25 feet from property line.

(d) If a parcel in the EFU zone is nonbuildable as a result of the setback requirements, the reviewing authority may consider a variance in accordance with Chapter 18.164 CCC from the land owner to adjust the setback requirements to make the parcel buildable. (Ord. 336 § 6 (Exh. E), 2023; Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.080 Signs.

In an EFU-1 zone, the following signs are permitted: one sign not more than 32 square feet in area, not illuminated, and located at least 10 feet from a property line. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)

18.16.085 Parcel size exception.

Whereas land sections in the area of the county subject to this section are commonly affected by survey adjustments, requirements relative to farm or lot sizes shall be considered as standard metes and bounds land section divisions; i.e., 160, 80, 40, 20, etc. Therefore, lot sizes may be reduced by up to five percent due to a survey adjustment or other manmade barriers such as roads or major canals over which the applicant has had no control. (Ord. 309 § 2 (Exh. C), 2019)