Chapter 18.40 DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS – PARKING AND CIRCULATION

Chapter 18.40
DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS – PARKING AND CIRCULATION

Sections:

18.40.030 Computation of required off-street parking spaces.

18.40.035 Parking in the urban residential zone, downtown commercial zone east of 73rd Avenue NE, public and semi-public zone abutting SR-522, and the urban corridor zone, east subarea.

18.40.038 Exceedance of minimum parking – Downtown commercial zone, downtown residential zone, urban corridor zone, east subarea, and urban residential zone.

18.40.040 Shared parking requirements.

18.40.050 Exceptions for community residential facilities (CRF) and senior citizen assisted living.

18.40.055 Parking for certain types of development served by transit.

18.40.060 Parking for the disabled.

18.40.070 Loading space and loading dock requirements.

18.40.080 Stacking spaces for drive-through facilities.

18.40.090 Transit and rideshare provisions.

18.40.100 Pedestrian and bicycle circulation and access.

18.40.110 Off-street parking plan design standards.

18.40.120 Off-street parking construction standards.

18.40.130 Compact car allowance requirements.

18.40.140 Internal circulation road standards.

18.40.010 Purpose.

The purpose of this chapter is to provide adequate parking for all uses allowed in this title; to reduce demand for parking by encouraging alternative means of transportation including public transit, rideshare and bicycles; and to increase pedestrian mobility in urban areas by:

A. Setting minimum off-street parking standards for different land uses that assure safe, convenient and adequately sized parking facilities within activity centers;

B. Providing incentives to rideshare through preferred parking arrangements;

C. Providing for parking and storage of bicycles;

D. Requiring the use of permeable surfacing unless infeasible;

E. Providing safe, direct pedestrian access from public rights-of-way to structures and between developments; and

F. Requiring uses which attract large numbers of employees or customers to provide transit stops. [Ord. 16-0428 § 13 (Att. I); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.020 Authority and application.

A. Before an occupancy permit may be granted for any new or enlarged building or for a change of use in any existing building, the use shall be required to meet the provisions of this chapter.

B. If this chapter does not specify a parking requirement for a land use, the city manager shall establish the minimum requirement based on a study of anticipated parking demand. Transportation demand management actions taken at the site shall be considered in determining anticipated demand. If the site is located in an activity center or community business center, the minimum requirement shall be set at a level less than the anticipated demand, but at no less than 75 percent of the anticipated demand. In the study the applicant shall provide sufficient information to demonstrate that the parking demand for a specific land use will be satisfied. Parking studies shall be prepared by a professional engineer with expertise in traffic and parking analyses, or an equally qualified individual as authorized by the city manager.

C. If the required amount of off-street parking has been proposed to be provided off-site, the applicant shall provide written contracts with affected landowners showing that required off-street parking shall be provided in a manner consistent with the provisions of this chapter. The contracts shall be reviewed by the city manager for compliance with this chapter, and if approved, the contracts shall be recorded with the county records and elections division as a deed restriction on the title to all applicable properties. These deed restrictions may not be revoked or modified without authorization by the city manager.

D. Where a neighborhood or subarea plan with design guidelines that includes the subject property has been adopted, the city manager shall base allowable waivers or modifications on the policies and guidelines in such plan. [Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.030 Computation of required off-street parking spaces.

A. Except as modified in KMC 18.40.035, 18.40.040, 18.40.050, 18.40.055 or 18.40.090, off-street parking areas shall contain at a minimum the number of parking spaces as stipulated in the following table. Off-street parking ratios expressed as number of spaces per square feet means the usable or net square footage of floor area, exclusive of nonpublic areas. Nonpublic areas include but are not limited to building maintenance areas, storage areas, closets, restrooms and exterior walls. If the formula for determining the number of off-street parking spaces results in a fraction, the number of off-street parking spaces shall be rounded to the nearest whole number with fractions of 0.50 or greater rounding up and fractions below 0.50 rounding down.

LAND USE	MINIMUM PARKING SPACES REQUIRED Citywide, Except in Downtown Commercial and Downtown Residential Zones West of 68th Avenue NE	MINIMUM PARKING SPACES REQUIRED Downtown Commercial and Downtown Residential Zones West of 68th Avenue NE
RESIDENTIAL:
Single detached dwelling unit	2.0 per dwelling unit	2.0 per dwelling unit; tandem stalls permitted
Townhouse	2.0 per dwelling unit	1.5 per dwelling unit; tandem stalls permitted
Guest parking	1 space for every 5 units	1 space for every 5 units
Apartment:
Microhousing dwelling unit	Within 1/4 mile of SR-522: 0.75 per dwelling unit. Otherwise, 1.2 per dwelling unit	Within 1/4 mile of SR-522: 0.75:du. Otherwise, 1.0:du. Tandem stalls permitted
Studio unit	1.2 per dwelling unit	1.0:du; tandem stalls permitted
One-bedroom unit	1.5 per dwelling unit	1.0:du; tandem stalls permitted
Two-bedroom unit	1.7 per dwelling unit	1.5:du; tandem stalls permitted
Three-bedroom unit or larger	2.0 per dwelling unit	1.7:du; tandem stalls permitted
Guest parking	1 space for every 5 units	1 space for every 5 units
Manufactured housing community	2.0 per dwelling unit	2.0 per dwelling unit
Senior citizen assisted living	1 per 2 dwelling or sleeping units	1 per 2 dwelling or sleeping units
Community residential facility	1 per 2 bedrooms	1 per 2 bedrooms
Dormitory, including religious	1 per 2 bedrooms	1 per 2 bedrooms
Hotel/motel	1 per bedroom	1 per bedroom
Bed and breakfast guesthouse	1 per guest room, plus 2 per facility	1 per guest room, plus 2 per facility
Other residential land uses	(city manager)	(city manager)
RECREATIONAL/CULTURAL:
Recreational/cultural land uses	1 per 300 square feet	1 per 300 square feet
Exceptions:
Bowling center	5 per lane	5 per lane
Golf course	3 per hole, plus 1 per 300 square feet of clubhouse facilities	–
Tennis club	4 per tennis court, plus 1 per 300 square feet of clubhouse facility	–
Golf driving range	1 per tee	–
Park/playfield	(city manager)	(city manager)
Theater	1 per 3 fixed seats	1 per 3 fixed seats
Conference center	1 per 3 fixed seats, plus 1 per 50 square feet used for assembly purposes without fixed seats, or 1 per bedroom, whichever results in the greater number of spaces	1 per 3 fixed seats, plus 1 per 50 square feet used for assembly purposes without fixed seats, or 1 per bedroom, whichever results in the greater number of spaces
Artist studio	0.9 per 1,000 square feet of area used for studios	0.9 per 1,000 square feet of area used for studios
GENERAL SERVICES:
General services land uses	1 per 300 square feet	1 per 300 square feet
Exceptions:
Funeral home/crematory	1 per 50 square feet of chapel area	–
Day care I	2 per facility	2 per facility
Day care II	2 per facility, plus 1 space for each 20 children	2 per facility, plus 1 space for each 20 children
Religious institution	1 per 5 fixed seats, plus 1 per 50 square feet of gross floor area without fixed seats used for assembly purposes	1 per 5 fixed seats, plus 1 per 50 square feet of gross floor area without fixed seats used for assembly purposes
Outpatient and veterinary clinic office	1 per 300 square feet of office, labs and examination rooms	1 per 300 square feet of office, labs and examination rooms
Nursing and personal care facility	1 per 4 beds	–
Hospital	1 per bed	1 per bed
Elementary school	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 50 students	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 50 students
Secondary schools:
Middle/junior high school	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 50 students	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 50 students
High school	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 10 students	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 10 students
High school with stadium	Greater of 1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 10 students, or 1 per 3 fixed seats in stadium	Greater of 1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 10 students, or 1 per 3 fixed seats in stadium
Vocational school	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 5 students	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 5 students
Specialized instruction school	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 2 students	1 per school classroom, plus 1 per 2 students
College/university	1 per 2 commuting students, faculty and staff	–
GOVERNMENT/BUSINESS SERVICES:
Government/business services land uses	1 per 300 square feet	1 per 300 square feet
Exceptions:
Public agency yard	1 per 300 square feet of offices, plus 0.9 per 1,000 square feet of indoor storage or repair areas	–
Public agency archive	0.9 per 1,000 square feet of storage area, plus 1 per 50 square feet of waiting/reviewing areas	–
Court	3 per courtroom, plus 1 per 50 square feet of fixed seat or assembly areas	3 per courtroom, plus 1 per 50 square feet of fixed seat or assembly areas
Fire or police facility	(city manager)	(city manager)
Construction and trade	1 per 300 square feet of office, plus 1 per 3,000 square feet of storage area	1 per 300 square feet of office, plus 1 per 3,000 square feet of storage area
Warehousing and storage	1 per 300 square feet of office, plus 0.9 per 1,000 square feet of storage area	1 per 300 square feet of office, plus 0.9 per 1,000 square feet of storage area
Self-service storage	1 per 3,500 square feet of storage area, plus 2 for any resident director’s unit	1 per 3,500 square feet of storage area, plus 2 for any resident director’s unit
Outdoor advertising services	1 per 300 square feet of office, plus 0.9 per 1,000 square feet of storage area	–
Heavy equipment repair	1 per 300 square feet of office, plus 0.9 per 1,000 square feet of indoor repair areas	–
RETAIL/WHOLESALE:
Retail land uses	1 per 300 square feet	1 per 300 square feet
Exceptions:
Food stores, less than 15,000 square feet	3 plus 1 per 350 square feet	3 plus 1 per 350 square feet
Vehicle refueling stations w/o grocery	3 per facility, plus 1 per service bay	3 per facility, plus 1 per service bay
Vehicle refueling stations w/grocery, no service bays	1 per facility, plus 1 per 300 square feet of store	1 per facility, plus 1 per 300 square feet of store
Restaurants	1 per 75 square feet in dining or lounge areas	1 per 75 square feet in dining or lounge areas
Wholesale trade uses	0.9 per 1,000 square feet	0.9 per 1,000 square feet
Retail sales and wholesale trade mixed use	1 per 300 square feet	1 per 300 square feet
MANUFACTURING:
Manufacturing land uses	0.9 per 1,000 square feet	–
Exceptions:
Winery/brewery	0.9 per 1,000 square feet, plus 1 per 50 square feet of tasting area	–
RESOURCES:
Resource land uses	(city manager)	–
REGIONAL:
Regional land uses	(city manager)	(city manager)

B. An applicant may request a modification of the minimum required number of parking spaces by providing a parking demand analysis demonstrating that parking demand can be met with a reduced parking requirement. In such cases, the city manager may approve a reduction of up to 50 percent of the minimum required number of spaces.

C. When the City has received a shell building permit application, off-street parking requirements shall be based on the possible tenant improvements or uses authorized by the zone designation and compatible with the limitations of the shell permit. When the range of possible uses results in different parking requirements, the city manager will establish the amount of parking based on a likely range of uses.

D. Where other provisions of this code stipulate maximum parking allowed or reduced minimum parking requirements, those provisions shall apply.

E. In any development required to provide six or more parking spaces, bicycle parking shall be provided. Bicycle parking shall be bike rack or locker-type parking facilities unless otherwise specified.

1. Off-street parking areas shall contain at least one bicycle parking space for every 12 spaces required for motor vehicles except as follows:

a. The city manager may reduce bike rack parking facilities for patrons when it is demonstrated that bicycle activity will not occur at that location.

b. The city manager may require additional spaces when it is determined that the use or its location will generate a high volume of bicycle activity. Such a determination will include but not be limited to the following uses:

(1) Park/playfield;

(2) Marina;

(3) Library/museum/arboretum;

(4) Elementary/secondary school;

(5) Sports club; or

(6) Retail business (when located along a developed bicycle trail or designated bicycle route).

2. Bicycle facilities for patrons shall be located within 100 feet of the building entrance and shall be designed to allow either a bicycle frame or wheels to be locked to a structure attached to the pavement.

3. All bicycle parking and storage shall be located in safe, visible areas that do not impede pedestrian or vehicle traffic flow, and shall be well lit for nighttime use.

4. When more than 10 people are employed on site, enclosed locker-type parking facilities for employees shall be provided. The city manager shall allocate the required number of parking spaces between bike rack parking and enclosed locker-type parking facilities.

5. One indoor bicycle storage space shall be provided for every two dwelling units in townhouse and apartment residential uses, unless individual garages are provided for every unit. The city manager may reduce the number of bike rack parking spaces if indoor storage facilities are available to all residents.

F. Exceedance of Minimum Parking – Zones Other Than Downtown Commercial and Downtown Residential Zones West of 68th Avenue NE. Provision of parking shall not exceed 30 percent more than the minimum parking requirements unless the excess parking spaces are included in a structured parking garage, or under building and screened from the street frontage, unless the additional parking is associated with a phased, mixed use development and is interim in nature.

G. Tree Retention – DC and DR Zones. Where an applicant proposes retention of trees in accordance with KMC 18.35.100(G) in the DC and DR zones, the city manager may reduce parking requirements by one parking space for every two significant trees that are saved in excess of the significant tree ordinance requirements.

H. Critical Area or Buffer Protection. When unavoidable, the city manager may reduce minimum parking requirements in order to maximize the protection of a critical area or its buffer. The reduction in the number of parking stalls or alternative stall or drive aisle dimensional requirements shall be in proportion to the area to be retained in the buffer or critical area. [Ord. 24-0609 § 2 (Exh. A); Ord. 23-0574 § 2 (Exh. A); Ord. 19-0488 § 5 (Exh. 3); Ord. 19-0481 § 2 (Exh. A); Ord. 17-0438 § 2 (Att. A); Ord. 16-0428 § 13 (Att. I); Ord. 16-0415 § 2 (Att. B); Ord. 14-0391 § 2 (Exh. 1); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.035 Parking in the urban residential zone, downtown commercial zone east of 73rd Avenue NE, public and semi-public zone abutting SR-522, and the urban corridor zone, east subarea.

Parking in the urban residential zone, the downtown commercial zone east of 73rd Avenue NE, the public and semi-public zone abutting SR-522, and the urban corridor zone, east subarea, should be sufficient to support local businesses and residential development, while at the same time promoting transit ridership, walkable streets, and efficient use of land. Proposed development shall provide parking as follows:

A. Minimum parking requirements for nonresidential uses may be reduced to 75 percent of the minimum requirement computed according to the provisions of KMC 18.40.030.

B. Minimum residential parking shall be supplied at the following ratios:

1. One-half parking space per dwelling unit.

2. One-half additional parking space per every five dwelling units shall be provided and designated as guest parking for use by all guests.

3. There are no minimum parking requirements for multifamily residential developments specifically for housing senior citizens or people with disabilities. For residential developments specifically for housing senior citizens, an applicant shall prepare a parking demand analysis to determine parking requirements for staff and visitors. Parking requirements for senior citizen assisted living facilities are addressed in KMC 18.40.030(A) and 18.40.050.

C. The following factors shall count towards minimum parking standards for residential and nonresidential development:

1. On-street parking immediately adjoining a property proposed for development or provided as part of the proposed development may be counted toward the minimum parking requirement.

2. Shared parking among uses is encouraged. Developments that propose shared parking arrangements shall submit a parking management plan that describes the terms and conditions of shared parking arrangements on site.

D. Maximum parking shall not exceed the minimum requirement calculated under the provisions of KMC 18.40.030.

1. Applicants may be allowed to exceed the maximum parking if the applicant can produce a parking study that demonstrates probable on-site parking needs that are significantly higher than similar uses. This traffic study shall be subject to review by the city manager before approval for additional parking is granted. All parking granted in excess of the maximum shall be provided in a structured parking garage or under building and screened from the street frontage.

E. All other parking requirements shall be as provided in this chapter.

Exception: This section, as adopted by Ordinance No. 23-0574, shall not apply to certain real properties located within the area of the transit oriented development (TOD) district overlay as identified in KMC 18.29.020 and Figure 18.29.020.1, and as further identified by the following tax parcel numbers (TPN): TPN 011410-0889, TPN 011410-0881, TPN 011410-0870, TPN 011410-0885, TPN 011410-0865, TPN 011410-0860, and TPN 011410-0855. [Ord. 23-0574 § 2 (Exh. A).]

18.40.038 Exceedance of minimum parking – Downtown commercial zone, downtown residential zone, urban corridor zone, east subarea, and urban residential zone.

Provision of parking in excess of the minimum parking requirements shall require the excess parking be included in a structured parking garage, or under building and screened from the street frontage, unless the additional parking is associated with a phased, mixed use development and is interim in nature.

18.40.040 Shared parking requirements.

The amount of off-street parking required by KMC 18.40.030 may be reduced by an amount determined by the city manager when shared parking facilities for two or more uses are proposed, provided:

A. The total parking area exceeds 5,000 square feet;

B. The parking facilities are designed and developed as a single on-site common parking facility, or as a system of on-site and off-site facilities, if all facilities are connected with improved pedestrian facilities and no building or use involved is more than 800 feet from the most remote shared facility;

C. The amount of the reduction shall not exceed 10 percent for each use, unless:

1. The normal hours of operation for each use are separated by at least one hour; or

2. A parking demand study is prepared by a professional traffic engineer and submitted by the applicant documenting that the hours of actual parking demand for the proposed uses will not conflict and those uses will be served by adequate parking if shared parking reductions are authorized;

3. The use is a mixed use development pursuant to KMC 18.50.120, in which case a 25 percent reduction may be granted;

4. The city manager will determine the amount of reduction subject to subsection D of this section;

D. The total number of parking spaces in the common parking facility is not less than the minimum required spaces for any single use;

E. A covenant or other contract for shared parking between the cooperating property owners is approved by the city manager. This covenant or contract must be recorded with the City as a deed restriction on both properties and cannot be modified or revoked without the consent of the city manager; and

F. If any requirements for shared parking are violated, the affected property owners must provide a remedy satisfactory to the city manager or provide the full amount of required off-street parking for each use, in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, unless a satisfactory alternative remedy is approved by the city manager. [Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.050 Exceptions for community residential facilities (CRF) and senior citizen assisted living.

A. The minimum requirement of one off-street parking space per two bedrooms for CRFs and one off-street parking space per two senior citizen assisted living units may be reduced by up to 50 percent, as determined by the city manager based on the following considerations:

1. Availability of private, convenient transportation services to meet the needs of the residents;

2. Accessibility to and frequency of public transportation; and

3. Pedestrian access to health, medical, and shopping facilities.

B. If a CRF facility or senior citizen assisted living facility is no longer used for such purposes, additional off-street parking spaces shall be required in compliance with this chapter prior to the issuance of a new certificate of occupancy.

C. The parking requirements of KMC 18.40.055, if applicable, shall apply. [Ord. 24-0609 § 2 (Exh. A); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.055 Parking for certain types of development served by transit.

Affordable housing shall be as defined under KMC 18.20.098. Housing for seniors shall be defined as housing restricted to those meeting the definition of “senior citizen” as found in KMC 18.20.2500.

Notwithstanding any other provision in this title, the following types of development shall have the following parking requirements:

A. Transit Serving Very Low-Income Affordable Housing Units and Extremely Low-Income Affordable Housing Units.

1. For very low-income affordable housing units or extremely low-income affordable housing units that are located within one-quarter mile (1,320 feet), as measured linearly along streets or other pedestrian pathways, of a transit stop that receives transit service at least two times per hour for 12 or more hours per day, residential parking requirements shall be no greater than 0.6 spaces per unit.

2. The city manager may require a developer to record a covenant that prohibits the rental of units subject to this parking restriction for any purpose other than providing for very low-income affordable housing units or extremely low-income affordable housing units. The covenant must address price restrictions and household income limits and policies if the property is converted to a use other than for such low-income housing, as part of an affordability agreement pursuant to KMC 18.77.050.

3. The city manager may require more than 0.6 spaces per unit if the city manager determines that particular very low-income affordable housing units or extremely low-income affordable housing units are located in an area with a lack of access to street parking capacity, physical space impediments, or other reasons supported by evidence that would make on-street parking infeasible for such units.

B. Transit Serving Market Rate Multifamily Dwelling Units.

1. For market rate multifamily dwelling units that are located within one-quarter mile (1,320 feet), as measured linearly along streets or other pedestrian pathways, of a transit stop that receives transit service from at least one route that provides service at least four times per hour for 12 or more hours per day, residential parking requirements shall be no greater than 0.75 spaces per unit.

2. The city manager may require a developer to provide more than 0.75 spaces per unit if the city manager has determined a particular dwelling unit to be in an area with a lack of access to street parking capacity, physical space impediments, or other reasons supported by evidence that would make on-street parking infeasible for the dwelling unit.

C. Transit Serving Multifamily Housing for Seniors or People With Disabilities.

1. For multifamily developments specifically for housing seniors or people with disabilities that are located within one-quarter mile (1,320 feet), as measured linearly along streets or other pedestrian pathways, of a transit stop that receives transit service at least four times per hour for 12 or more hours per day, there shall be no minimum residential parking requirements for the residents of such dwelling units. Housing for seniors shall be defined as housing restricted to those meeting the definition of senior citizen as found in KMC 18.20.2500.

2. As an exception to subsection (C)(1) of this section, the city manager may require one or more parking spaces per bedroom for housing for seniors or people with disabilities if the city manager determines a particular unit to be in an area with a lack of access to street parking capacity, physical space impediments, or other reasons supported by evidence that would make on-street parking infeasible for the unit.

3. The city manager may require parking for staff and visitors of such multifamily housing for seniors or people with disabilities, consistent with the requirements of this title.

4. The city manager may require a developer to record a covenant that prohibits the rental of such units subject to the parking restriction of this section for any purpose other than providing for housing for seniors or people with disabilities, as part of an affordability agreement pursuant to KMC 18.77.050. [Ord. 24-0609 § 2 (Exh. A).]

18.40.060 Parking for the disabled.

Off-street parking and access for physically disabled persons shall be provided in accordance with the regulations adopted pursuant to Chapter 19.27 RCW, State Building Code, KMC 18.40.055, and Chapter 70.92 RCW, Public Buildings – Provisions for Aged and Disabled. See Chapter 11 of the International Building Code as adopted by the City. [Ord. 24-0609 § 2 (Exh. A); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.070 Loading space and loading dock requirements.

A. Every nonresidential building engaged in retail, wholesale, manufacturing or storage activities, excluding self-service storage facilities, shall provide loading spaces in accordance with the standards listed below.

GROSS FLOOR AREA	REQUIRED NUMBER OF LOADING SPACES
10,000 to 16,000 square feet	1
16,001 to 40,000 square feet	2
40,001 to 64,000 square feet	3
64,001 to 96,000 square feet	4
96,001 to 128,000 square feet	5
128,001 to 160,000 square feet	6
160,001 to 196,000 square feet	7
For each additional 36,000 square feet	1 additional

B. Every building engaged in hotel, office building, restaurant, hospital, auditorium, convention hall, exhibition hall, sports arena/stadium or other similar use shall provide loading spaces in accordance with the standards listed below.

GROSS FLOOR AREA	REQUIRED NUMBER OF LOADING SPACES
40,000 to 60,000 square feet	1
60,001 to 160,000 square feet	2
160,001 to 264,000 square feet	3
264,001 to 388,000 square feet	4
388,001 to 520,000 square feet	5
520,001 to 652,000 square feet	6
652,001 to 784,000 square feet	7
784,001 to 920,000 square feet	8
For each additional 140,000 square feet	1 additional

C. Each loading space required by this section shall be a minimum of 10 feet wide, 30 feet long, and have an unobstructed vertical clearance of 14 feet, six inches, and shall be surfaced, improved and maintained as required by this chapter. Loading spaces shall be located so that trucks shall not obstruct pedestrian or vehicle traffic movement or project into any public right-of-way. All loading space areas shall be separated from parking areas and shall be designated as truck loading spaces.

D. Any loading space, including loading docks, located within 100 feet of areas zoned for residential use shall be screened and operated as necessary to reduce noise and visual impacts. Noise mitigation measures may include architectural or structural barriers, berms, walls, or restrictions on the hours of operation.

E. Multi-story self-service storage facilities shall provide two loading spaces, and single-story facilities one loading space, adjacent to each building entrance that provides common access to interior storage units. Each loading berth shall measure not less than 25 feet by 12 feet with an unobstructed vertical clearance of 14 feet, six inches, and shall be surfaced, improved and maintained as required by this chapter. Any floor area additions or structural alterations to a building shall be required to provide loading space or spaces as set forth in this chapter.

F. Loading docks shall be screened from view of the public right-of-way. Screening may include architectural or structural barriers, berms, walls or vegetation. [Ord. 14-0391 § 2 (Exh. 1); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.080 Stacking spaces for drive-through facilities.

A. A stacking space shall be an area measuring eight feet by 20 feet with direct forward access to a service window of a drive-through facility. A stacking space shall be located to prevent any vehicles from extending onto the public right-of-way, or interfering with any pedestrian circulation, traffic maneuvering, or other parking space areas. Stacking spaces for drive-through or drive-in uses may not be counted as required parking spaces.

B. Uses providing drive-up or drive-through services shall provide vehicle stacking spaces as follows:

1. For each drive-through lane of a bank/financial institution, business service, or other drive-through use not listed, a minimum of five stacking spaces shall be provided; and

2. For each drive-through lane of a restaurant, a minimum of seven stacking spaces shall be provided. [Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.090 Transit and rideshare provisions.

A. Government/business services land uses and manufacturing land uses, ambulatory surgery center, hospital, educational service and college/university shall be required to reserve one parking space of every 20 required spaces for rideshare parking as follows:

1. The parking spaces shall be located closer to the primary employee entrance than any other employee parking except disabled;

2. Reserved areas shall have markings and signs indicating that the space is reserved; and

3. Parking in reserved areas shall be limited to vanpools and carpools established through rideshare programs by public agencies and to vehicles meeting minimum rideshare qualifications set by the employer;

B. The city manager may reduce the number of required off-street parking spaces when one or more scheduled transit routes provide service within one-quarter mile (1,320 feet) of the site as measured linearly along streets or other pedestrian pathways. The amount of reduction shall be based on the number of scheduled transit runs between 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. each business day up to a maximum reduction as follows:

1. Four percent for each run serving government/business service land uses and manufacturing land uses, up to a maximum of 40 percent; and

2. Two percent for each run serving recreational/cultural land uses, general services land uses, retail land uses, and wholesale trade, up to a maximum of 20 percent; and

C. All uses which are located on an existing transit route and are required under the computation for required off-street parking spaces in KMC 18.40.030(A) to provide more than 200 parking spaces may be required to provide transit shelters, bus turnout lanes or other transit improvements as a condition of permit approval. Uses which reduce required parking under subsection B of this section shall provide transit shelters if transit routes adjoin the site. [Ord. 17-0438 § 2 (Att. B); Ord. 14-0391 § 2 (Exh. 1); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.100 Pedestrian and bicycle circulation and access.

A. Nonresidential Uses. All permitted nonresidential uses shall provide pedestrian and bicycle access within and onto the site. Access points onto the site shall be provided (1) approximately every 800 to 1,000 feet along existing and proposed perimeter sidewalks and walkways, and (2) at all arrival points to the site, including abutting street intersections, crosswalks, and transit stops. In addition, access points to and from adjacent lots shall be coordinated to provide circulation patterns between developments.

B. Residential Uses.

1. All permitted residential uses of five or more dwelling units shall provide pedestrian and bicycle access within and onto the site. Access points onto the site shall be provided (a) approximately every 800 to 1,000 feet along existing and proposed perimeter sidewalks and walkways, and (b) at all arrival points to the site, including abutting street intersections, crosswalks, and transit and school bus stops. In addition, access points to and from adjacent lots shall be coordinated to provide circulation patterns between sites.

2. Residential uses of five or more dwelling units shall provide for nonmotorized circulation between cul-de-sacs or groups of buildings to allow pedestrian and bicycle access within and through the development to adjacent activity centers, parks, common tracts, dedicated open space intended for active recreation, schools or other public facilities, transit and school bus stops, and public streets.

3. Access shall only be required to school bus stops that are within or adjacent to a proposed residential use of five or more dwelling units and that are identified by the affected school district in response to a notice of application.

C. Walkways shall form an on-site circulation system that minimizes the conflict between pedestrians and traffic at all points of pedestrian access to on-site parking and building entrances. Walkways shall be provided when the pedestrian access point onto the site, or any parking space, is more than 75 feet from the building entrance or principal on-site destination and as follows:

1. All developments which contain more than one building shall provide walkways between the principal entrances of the buildings;

2. All nonresidential buildings set back more than 100 feet from the public right-of-way shall provide for direct pedestrian access from the building to buildings on adjacent lots; and

3. Walkways across parking areas shall be located as follows:

a. Walkways running parallel to the parking rows shall be provided for every six rows. Rows without walkways shall be landscaped or contain barriers or other means to encourage pedestrians to use the walkways; and

b. Walkways running perpendicular to the parking rows shall be no further than 20 parking spaces. Landscaping, barriers or other means shall be provided between the parking rows to encourage pedestrians to use the walkways.

D. Pedestrian and bicycle access and walkways shall meet the following minimum design standards:

1. Access and walkways shall be well lit and physically separated from driveways and parking spaces by landscaping, berms, barriers, grade separation or other means to protect pedestrians from vehicular traffic;

2. Access and walkways shall be a minimum of 48 inches of unobstructed width and meet the surfacing standards of the City street standards for walkways or sidewalks;

3. The minimum standard for walkways required to be accessible for persons with disabilities shall be designed and constructed to comply with the current State Building Code regulations for barrier-free accessibility;

4. A crosswalk shall be required when a walkway crosses a driveway or a paved area accessible to vehicles.

E. Blocks in excess of 660 feet shall be provided with a crosswalk at the approximate midpoint of the block.

F. The city manager may waive or modify the requirements of this section when:

1. Existing or proposed improvements would create an unsafe condition or security concern;

2. There are topographical constraints, or existing or required structures effectively block access;

3. The site is not contiguous to an activity center, park, common tract, dedicated open space, school, transit stop or other public facility;

4. The land use would not generate the need for pedestrian or bicycle access; or

5. The public is not allowed access to the subject land use.

The city manager’s waiver may not be used to modify or waive the requirements of this section relating to sidewalks and safe walking conditions for students.

G. The provisions of this section shall not apply on school district property. [Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.110 Off-street parking plan design standards.

A. Off-street parking areas shall not be located more than 600 feet from the building they are required to serve for all uses except those specified as follows; where an off-street parking area does not abut the building it serves, the required maximum distance shall be measured from the nearest building entrance that the parking area serves:

1. For all single detached dwellings the parking spaces shall be located on the same lot they are required to serve;

2. For all other residential dwellings at least a portion of parking areas shall be located within 150 feet from the building or building(s) they are required to serve;

3. For all nonresidential uses permitted in residential zones, the parking spaces shall be located on the same lot they are required to serve and at least a portion of parking areas shall be located within 150 feet from the nearest building entrance they are required to serve;

4. In the community business and neighborhood business zones, parking lots shall be located to the rear or sides of buildings. Relief from this subsection (A)(4) may be granted by the city manager only if the applicant can demonstrate that there is no practical site design to meet this requirement. The city manager may allow only the number of parking spaces that cannot be accommodated to the rear or sides of buildings to be located to the front of buildings;

5. Parking lots shall be so arranged as to permit the internal circulation of vehicles between parking aisles without re-entering adjoining public streets; and

6. Parking for the disabled shall be provided in accordance with KMC 18.40.060.

B. The minimum parking space and aisle dimensions for the most common parking angles are shown on the table in this subsection. For parking angles other than those shown on the chart, the minimum parking space and aisle dimensions shall be determined by the city manager. Regardless of the parking angle, one-way aisles shall be at least 10 feet wide, and two-way aisles shall be at least 20 feet wide. If dead-end aisles are used in the parking layout, they shall be constructed as two-way aisles. Parking plans for angle parking shall use space widths no less than eight feet, six inches for a standard parking space design and eight feet for a compact car parking space design.

MINIMUM PARKING STALL AND AISLE DIMENSIONS
A	B	C	D	E		F
PARKING ANGLE	STALL WIDTH	CURB LENGTH	STALL DEPTH	AISLE WIDTH		UNIT DEPTH
PARKING ANGLE	STALL WIDTH	CURB LENGTH	STALL DEPTH	1-WAY	2-WAY	1-WAY	2-WAY
0	8.0* Min 8.5 Desired 9.0	20.0* 22.5 22.5	8.0 8.5 9.0	12.0 12.0 12.0	20.0 20.0 20.0	** 29.0 30.0	** 37.0 38.0
30	8.0* Min 8.5 Desired 9.0	16.0* 17.0 18.0	15.0 16.5 17.0	10.0 10.0 10.0	20.0 20.0 20.0	** 42.0 44.0	** 53.0 54.0
45	8.0* Min 8.5 Desired 9.0	11.5* 12.0 12.5	17.0*	12.0 12.0 12.0	20.0 20.0 20.0	** 50.0 51.0	** 58.0 59.0
60	8.0* Min 8.5 Desired 9.0	9.6* 10.0 10.5	18.0 20.0 21.0	18.0 18.0 18.0	20.0 20.0 20.0	** 58.0 60.0	** 60.0 62.0
90	8.0* Min 8.5 Desired 9.0	8.0* 8.5 9.0	16.0* 18.0 18.0	24.0 24.0 23.0	24.0 24.0 24.0	** 60.0 60.0	** 60.0 60.0

* for compact stalls only

** variable with compact and standard combinations

C. Any parking spaces abutting a required landscaped area on the driver or passenger side of the vehicle shall provide an additional 18 inches above the minimum space width requirement to provide a place to step other than in the landscaped area. The additional width shall be separated from the adjacent parking space by a parking space division stripe.

D. The parking space depth may be reduced if vehicles overhang a walkway or landscaping under the following conditions:

1. Wheel stops or curbs are installed;

2. The remaining walkway provides a minimum of 48 inches of unimpeded passageway for pedestrians;

3. The amount of space depth reduction is limited to a maximum of 18 inches; and

4. Landscaping is designed in accordance with KMC 18.35.070(E).

E. Driveways providing ingress and egress between off-street parking areas and abutting streets shall be designed, located and constructed in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 12.50 KMC, Road Standards.

F. Parking spaces required under this title shall be located as follows:

1. For single detached dwelling units the required parking spaces shall be outside of any required setbacks or landscaping, but driveways crossing setbacks and required landscaping may be used for parking. However, if the driveway is a joint use driveway, no vehicle parked on the driveway shall obstruct any joint user’s access to the driveway or parking spaces;

2. For all other developments, parking spaces may be permitted by the city manager in setback areas in accordance with an approved landscape plan; and

3. For nonresidential uses in residential zones, parking is permitted in setback areas in accordance with KMC 18.21.060.

G. Lighting shall be provided for safety of traffic and pedestrian circulation on the site. It shall be designed to minimize direct illumination of abutting properties and adjacent streets. The city manager shall have the authority to waive the requirement to provide lighting.

H. Tandem or end-to-end parking is allowed in residential developments. Apartment or townhouse developments may have tandem parking areas for each dwelling unit but shall not combine parking for separate dwelling units in tandem parking areas.

I. All vehicle parking and storage must be in a garage, carport or on an approved impervious surface. Any impervious surface used for vehicle parking or storage must have direct and unobstructed driveway access.

J. The total number of vehicles parked or stored outside of a building on a single-family lot in the R-4 through R-6 zones, excluding recreational vehicles and trailers, shall not exceed six vehicles on lots 12,500 square feet or less and eight vehicles on lots greater than 12,500 square feet.

K. Vanpool or carpool parking areas shall meet the following minimum design standards:

1. A minimum vertical clearance of seven feet, three inches shall be provided to accommodate van vehicles if designated vanpool or carpool parking spaces are located in a parking structure; and

2. A minimum turning radius of 26 feet, four inches with a minimum turning diameter, curb to curb, of 52 feet, five inches shall be provided from parking aisles to adjacent carpool or vanpool parking spaces.

L. Direct access from the street right-of-way to off-street parking areas shall be subject to KMC 18.45.070.

M. No dead-end alley may provide access to more than eight off-street parking spaces.

N. Any parking stalls located in enclosed buildings must be totally within the enclosed building. [Ord. 24-0609 § 2 (Exh. A); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.120 Off-street parking construction standards.

A. Off-street parking areas shall be paved in accordance with City street standards unless otherwise approved by the city manager.

B. Grading work for parking areas shall meet the requirements of KMC Title 15. Drainage and erosion/sedimentation control facilities shall be provided in accordance with Chapter 13.35 KMC.

C. Paved parking areas shall have parking spaces marked by surface paint lines or suitable substitute traffic marking material in accordance with the Washington State Department of Transportation Standards. Wheel stops are required where a parked vehicle would encroach on adjacent property, pedestrian access or circulation areas, right-of-way or landscaped areas. Typically approved markings and wheel stop locations are illustrated below.

[Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.130 Compact car allowance requirements.

In any development containing more than 20 parking spaces, up to 50 percent of the total number of spaces may be sized to accommodate compact cars, subject to the following:

A. Each space shall be clearly identified as a compact car space by painting the word “COMPACT” in capital letters, a minimum of eight inches high, on the pavement at the base of the parking space and centered between the striping;

B. Aisle widths shall conform to the standards set for standard size cars; and

C. Apartment developments with less than 20 parking spaces may designate up to 40 percent of the required parking spaces as compact spaces. [Ord. 16-0428 § 13 (Att. I); Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]

18.40.140 Internal circulation road standards.

Internal access roads to off-street parking areas shall conform to City street standards set forth in Chapter 12.50 KMC. [Ord. 11-0329 § 3 (Exh. 1).]