CHAPTER 1
GARBAGE1

SECTION:

8-1-1:    Purpose

8-1-2:    Definitions

8-1-3:    Garbage, Recyclables, And Solid Waste Collection

8-1-4:    Unlawful Storage, Deposit, Disposal, Scavenging, And Hauling Of Solid Waste

8-1-5:    Supervision

8-1-6:    Violations Of This Chapter Declared A Public Nuisance

8-1-7:    Reserved

8-1-8:    Schedule Of Collection

8-1-9:    Billings And Collections; Lien And Enforcement

8-1-10:    Rates For Services

8-1-11:    Adoption By Reference

8-1-12:    Severability

8-1-1 PURPOSE:

It is the purpose of this Chapter to further the maintenance of health, sanitation, safety and public welfare by making the collection, disposal and removal of solid waste within the City compulsory and universal. The provisions of this Chapter shall be liberally construed for the accomplishment of that purpose. Collection of recyclables and yard waste shall be voluntary. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)

8-1-2 DEFINITIONS:

ADJACENT: Lying next or near to or so close together that objects are not widely separated, although they may or may not touch.

ALLEY: A public or private way giving access to the rear of lots or buildings.

ANCILLARY DISPOSAL PROVIDER: A licensed person or business that offers delivery, maintenance or clean-up services that, by their nature, include a disposal function. Ancillary disposal providers must provide a legitimate service other than garbage collection and disposal services equivalent to those provided by a City contracted collection contractor. Examples of ancillary disposal providers include, but are not limited to, licensed businesses that deliver new appliances, carpets or other furnishings and remove and dispose of the replaced item; licensed contractors that self-haul construction, demolition and land clearing waste that they produce during the course of their regular business activities; and licensed clean-up services that include a container or truck loading function in addition to hauling and disposal.

ASHES: The solid residue left over when combustible material is burned or is oxidized by chemical means including but not limited to the residue from coal, wood and any other combustible materials or fuels.

BULKY WASTE: Large items of solid waste, including but not limited to items such as furniture; large household appliances, including but not limited to refrigerators, freezers, ovens, ranges, stoves, dishwashers, water heaters, washing machines, or clothes dryers; junk vehicles, vehicle hulks or any parts thereof as defined in RMC 6-1-2, as now worded or hereafter amended; and any other oversized solid wastes which would typically not fit into or be permitted for collection as garbage in garbage cans. (Ord. 5450, 3-2-09)

CDL: Solid waste generated from construction, demolition and land clearing.

CLINKER: A brick that has burned too much in a kiln or stony matter fused together by combustion or chemical reaction.

COLLECTION CONTRACTOR: That entity holding a valid current contract with the City to collect and dispose of municipal solid waste and/or collect, process and market recyclable and/or yard waste materials.

COLLECTION POINT: In multi-family residences, commercial, industrial and other nonresidential developments, the exterior location designated for garbage and recyclables collection by the City’s contractor or other authorized haulers.

COMMERCIAL CUSTOMER: Any business, institution, industrial site or multi-family residence within the City.

COMPOST: A process of creating humus for mulch to fertilize and condition land by combining a mixture consisting of decaying or decayed organic matter in a pile or receptacle. Such organic matter includes, but is not limited to, grass clippings, plant material, leaves, pine needles, wood chips, wood ashes, kitchen refuse including melon rinds, potato peelings, carrot peelings, tea bags, apple peelings and cores, banana peels, egg shells, or other vegetable or fruit matter.

CURBSIDE: On the owner’s property, within ten feet (10′) of the public street without blocking sidewalks, driveways or on-street parking. For households currently receiving garbage pickup in an alley accessible by collection vehicles, “curbside” can be considered to be in the current alley location and within ten feet (10′) of the edge of the alley. If extraordinary circumstances preclude such a location, curbside shall be considered a placement suitable to the resident and convenient to the collection contractor’s equipment and approved by the City.

DETACHABLE CONTAINER: A watertight, all metal container, compatible with the collection contractor’s equipment, not less than one cubic yard nor greater than eight cubic yards in capacity and equipped with a tight-fitting cover. The contents of detachable containers are typically unloaded into a collection vehicle at the customer’s site.

DROP-BOX CONTAINER: An all-metal container with ten cubic yard or more capacity that is loaded onto a collection contractor’s vehicle, transported to a disposal site, emptied and transported back to the customer’s site.

DUPLEX: A residence containing two (2) dwelling units. Each dwelling unit will be charged the single-family residential rate for collection.

ELIGIBLE HOUSEHOLD:

A.     Multi-Family Program: A residence containing three (3) or more dwelling units and receiving commercial garbage pickup services.

B.     Residential Curbside Program: A residence containing not more than two (2) dwelling units and in which each unit receives individual garbage collection services.

EXTRA GARBAGE UNIT: A garbage unit in addition to the number of garbage cans or garbage units to which the customer has subscribed.

GARBAGE: This term shall be included within the definition of solid waste but shall not include all solid waste. Garbage shall exclude bulky waste, special waste, hazardous waste, construction, demolition, and land clearing waste, junk vehicles, vehicle hulks or parts thereof as defined in RMC 6-1-1, as now worded or hereafter amended, recyclable materials and yard waste, sewage, sludge or septage.

GARBAGE CAN: A City-approved container fabricated of material of similar size and weight to a container that is a watertight, galvanized sheet metal or plastic container not exceeding four (4) cubic feet or thirty two (32) gallons in capacity, weighing not over fifteen (15) pounds when empty or sixty-five (65) pounds when full; fitted with two (2) sturdy handles, one on each side, and a tight cover equipped with a handle; such can shall be rodent and insect-proof and be kept in a sanitary condition at all times.

GARBAGE CART: A City-approved, collection container contractor owned and provided by the contractor for the purpose of collecting garbage.

GARBAGE DISPOSAL SITE OR DISPOSAL SITE: The areas owned, leased, or controlled by the King County Solid Waste Division, for the disposal of garbage or solid waste, or such other site as may be approved by the City and any other governmental agency having jurisdiction thereover.

GARBAGE UNIT: Secure and tight bundles, none of which shall exceed three feet (3′) in the longest dimension, and shall not exceed sixty-five (65) pounds in weight or such “garbage unit” may be packed in small discarded boxes, barrels or bags, or in securely tight cartons or other receptacles reasonably easy to be handled and loaded by one person onto a collection contractor’s vehicle. A garbage can may be a garbage unit.

HAZARDOUS WASTE: Any wastes included in the State of Washington, Department of Ecology Dangerous Waste Regulations, Chapter 173-303 WAC.

MINI-CAN: A City-approved container that is a watertight, galvanized sheet-metal or plastic container not exceeding ten (10) gallons in capacity or twenty-five (25) pounds in weight when full, fitted with a tight cover equipped with a handle.

MINIMUM SERVICE LEVEL: A single-family residential, multi-family residential or commercial service at a 10-gallon garbage can rate, or at adequate service as determined by the Planning/Building/Public Works Administrator. The average weekly size and frequency of garbage service for a particular customer shall be determined by the Solid Waste Coordinator as the adequate service necessary to meet health standards of the Seattle-King County Health Department.

MODERATE RISK WASTE: Any waste that exhibits any of the properties of dangerous waste but is exempt from regulation under Chapter 70.102 RCW solely because the waste is generated in quantities below the threshold for regulation and any household wastes that are generated from the disposal of substances identified by the department as hazardous household substances.    

MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENCE: A structure containing three (3) or more dwelling units. All multi-family residences shall be considered a commercial customer for charging of garbage rates.

PERSON: Every person, firm, partnership, business, association, institution or corporation in the City accumulating garbage requiring disposal. The term shall also mean the occupant and/or the owner of the premises for which service herein mentioned is rendered.

PLANNING/BUILDING/PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATOR: The official of the City holding that office, or the designated representative.

RECYCLABLES: Newspaper, uncoated mixed paper, aluminum, glass and metal, food and beverage containers, polyethylene terepthalate (PET #1) plastic bottles, high density polyethylene (HDPE #2) plastic bottles, and such other materials that the City and collection contractor determine to be recyclable.

RECYCLING BINS: A container provided by the City or collection contractor for the purpose of collecting recyclables.

RECYCLING CART: A 32, 65, or 90 gallon wheeled container with a tight-fitting lid, provided by the City or collection contractor, for the purpose of collecting recyclables.

RECYCLABLES DEPOSIT AREA: In multi-family residences, commercial, industrial and other nonresidential developments, the area(s) where recyclables will be stored.

RESIDENCE: A building or portion thereof containing not more than two (2) dwelling units.

RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMER: Those customers residing in single-family units and duplexes.

SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENCE: A residence containing not more than two dwelling units. Duplexes are considered single-family residences.

SOLID WASTE: All putrescible and nonputrescible solid and semi-solid waste including, but not limited to garbage, rubbish, swill, refuse, trash, debris, ashes, clinkers, bulky waste, construction, demolition and land clearing waste, junk vehicles, vehicle hulks or parts thereof as defined in RMC 6-1-1, as now worded or hereafter amended, recyclable materials and yard waste, but excluding special or hazardous waste, sewage, sludge or septage.

SOLID WASTE HANDLING: The management, storage, collection, transportation, treatment, utilization, processing and final disposal of solid waste, including the recovery and recycling of materials from solid waste, the recovery of energy sources from solid waste or the conversion of the energy in solid waste to more useful forms or combinations thereof, and the ownership or operation of a transfer station.

SOLID WASTE COORDINATOR: The official of the City holding that office, or the designated representative.

SOLID WASTE UTILITY: That enterprise fund of the City managing the financial and administrative responsibilities for solid waste collection and disposal.

SPECIAL WASTE:

A.     Chemical waste from a laboratory. (This is limited to discarded containers of laboratory chemicals, lab equipment, lab clothing, debris from lab spills or cleanup and floor sweeping.)

B.     Articles, equipment and clothing containing or contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s). (Examples are: PCB capacitors or transformers, gloves or aprons from draining operations, empty drams that formerly held PCB’s, etc.)

C.     “Empty” containers of waste commercial products or chemicals. (This applies to a portable container which has been emptied, but which may hold residuals of the product or chemical. Examples of containers are: portable tanks, drums, barrels, cans, bags, liners, etc. A container shall be determined “empty” according to the criteria specified at 40 C.F.R. 261.7.)

D.     Asbestos-containing waste from building demolition or cleaning. (This applies to asbestos-bearing waste insulation materials, such as wallboard, wall spray coverings, pipe insulation, flooring tiles, siding, etc.)

E.     Commercial products or chemicals, off-specification, outdated, contaminated or banned. (This also includes products voluntarily removed from the marketplace by a manufacturer or distributor in response to allegations of adverse health effects associated with product use.)

F.     Residue and debris from cleanup of spills or releases of a single chemical substance or commercial product, or a single waste which would otherwise qualify as a miscellaneous special waste.

G.     Medical or infectious by-product waste from a medical or dental practitioner, individual(s), hospital, nursing home, medical testing laboratory, mortuary, taxidermist, veterinarian, veterinary hospital or animal testing laboratory, including but not limited to discarded needles or other “sharps.”

H.     Animal waste and parts from slaughterhouses or rendering plants.

I.     Pumpings from septic tanks used exclusively by dwelling units. (Single-family units, duplexes, apartment buildings, hotels or motels.)

J.     Sludge from a publicly owned sewage treatment plant serving primarily domestic users (i.e., with no substantial industrial or chemical influent).

K.     Grease trap wastes from restaurants or cafeterias not located at industrial facilities.

L.     Washwater wastes from commercial car washes. (Note: this does not include facilities used for washing the exterior of bulk chemical or waste tank trucks, or for washing out the interior of any truck.)

M.     Washwater wastes from commercial laundries or laundromats.

N.     Chemical containing equipment removed from service. (Example: cathode ray tubes, batteries, fluorescent light tubes, compact fluorescent lights, computer monitors, televisions, etc.)

O.     Waste produced from the demolition or dismantling of industrial process equipment or facilities contaminated with chemicals from the process.

P.     Closed cartridge filters from dry-cleaning establishments. (Such filters being used to filter used dry-cleaning fluids or solids.)

STREET: A public or private way, other than “alleys,” used for public travel.

SUNKEN CAN: Garbage cans which are in a sunken covered receptacle specifically designed to contain garbage cans and where the top of the garbage can is approximately at ground level.

WASTE STREAM: The collection and disposal of solid waste and recyclable materials, excluding bulky waste, special waste, hazardous waste, construction, demolition and land clearing waste, junk vehicles, vehicle hulks or parts thereof as defined in RMC 6-1-1, as now worded or hereafter amended, sewage, sludge or septage.

YARD WASTES: Includes leaves, grass, pruning and clippings of woody as well as fleshy plants. Materials larger than two inches (2′′) in diameter and four feet (4′) in length shall not be considered yard waste.

Christmas trees will be eligible for collection as yard waste; provided, that they have been cut into lengths of 4 feet or less and bundled, before being placed for collection.

YARD WASTE CART: A City-approved container at curbside or other approved point for the purpose of collecting yard wastes. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)

8-1-3 GARBAGE, RECYCLABLES, AND SOLID WASTE COLLECTION:

A.     Accumulation of Waste: All persons accumulating garbage in the City shall place and accumulate the same in garbage cans, garbage units or detachable containers. Recyclables may also be accumulated in recycling bins or recycling carts, and yard waste may also be accumulated in yard waste carts.

B.     Collection of Garbage Required: Garbage collection shall be made by collection contractors as authorized by the City. All persons and properties within the City shall use the garbage collection system and service of the utility and collection contractor(s) of the City.

C.    Placement and Removal of Garbage Cans, Recycling Bins and Yard Waste Carts: Any single-family residence accumulating garbage, recyclables, and yard waste shall place their materials for collection at the curbside no earlier than 24 hours prior to their collection day. Likewise, all garbage cans, recycling bins and yard waste carts must be removed from the curbside within 24 hours of being collected and returned to a location adjacent to the residential structure or within a fully enclosed building or garage.

D.    Minimum Service Level: All persons and occupied property shall be subject to and responsible for the minimum service level and associated charges for service for residential and commercial garbage collection as applicable, whether or not such persons use the service. The Solid Waste Coordinator may, upon a showing that a person or property produces no garbage and recyclable materials, waive the minimum service level requirements of this Section.

E.     Collection of Residential and Multi-Family Recyclables: Any person may collect residential and multi-family recyclables. However, once recyclables are placed at the curbside or other approved point of collection, then residential and multi-family recyclables may be collected only by the City’s collection contractor.

F.    Collection of Residential Yard Waste: Any person may collect residential yard waste. However, once residential yard waste is placed at the curbside or other approved point of collection, then residential yard waste may be collected only by the City’s collection contractor.

G.    Weight of Cans and Collection Access: No garbage can when filled shall weigh more than sixty-five (65) pounds but shall be so packed that the contents thereof will dump out readily when it is inverted. For residential customers, all garbage cans, recycling bins and yard waste carts shall be placed at curbside of the alley, street or road at which collection trucks are to be loaded. A residence located in an area that does not allow safe access, turn-around, or clearance for service vehicles or on a private drive will be provided service if materials are set out adjacent to a public street or private road or a location agreed to by the Solid Waste Coordinator and the City’s collection contractor.

H.     Special Pickup Services: Special pickup services will be provided when authorized by the City, to those single-family residences and duplexes where there are handicapped or elderly people who cannot move their garbage cans, recycling bins, or yard waste carts to the curb. Single-family units and duplexes which are geographically located so as to make moving containers to the curb an unreasonable physical hardship must apply to the City for the special collection service and submit documentation to justify their application. Residences which qualify for this service will be determined by the Solid Waste Coordinator based upon submitted documentation. Special pickup services shall be from a convenient location, but such location shall be approved by both the City and the contractor.

I.     Number of Cans; Condition: Sufficient garbage cans must be provided for the collection of all garbage as defined in this Chapter. All garbage cans, detachable containers, recycling bins or yard waste carts shall be kept tightly covered and in good and sanitary condition for garbage and recyclables storage and handling, and garbage cans, detachable containers, recycling bins, or yard waste carts which leak or have jagged edges or holes shall not be used. The Solid Waste Coordinator, independently or at the request of the City’s collection contractor, shall determine whether or not the condition of any garbage can, detachable container, drop box, recycling bin, or yard waste cart is satisfactory for use.

J.     Commercial and Industrial: Subject to the approval of the City, agreement will be reached between the City’s collection contractor and commercial and industrial customers concerning security, location of detachable containers, frequency of removal, and receipts for removal.

K.     Requirements for garbage, solid waste and recyclables deposit areas and collection point shall be designed and located as required by RMC 4-4-090 and this Chapter.

L.    Solid Waste Disposal System Designation: The County disposal system is designated for the disposal of all solid waste, including moderate risk waste generated and/or collected within the corporate limits of the City, and the County is authorized to designate disposal sites for the disposal of all solid waste, including moderate risk waste generated or collected within the corporate limits of the City, except for solid waste that is eliminated through waste reduction and/or waste recycling activities consistent with the County’s Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan. No solid waste generated or collected within the City shall be diverted from the designated disposal sites without County approval.

1.    The following facilities, which are owned and operated by vendors with which the County has contracts for construction, demolition and land clearing waste (hereinafter referred to as “CDL waste”) handling or alternative facilities as the County may designate are hereby designated as the CDL receiving facilities for all nonrecyclable CDL waste generated within the corporate limits of the City.

Rabanco Disposal Company Facilities:

a.     Rabanco Recycling and Waste Reduction Center, 2733 Third Avenue South, Seattle.

b.     Regional Disposal Company Black River Transfer and Recycling Facility, Monster Road, Renton.

c.     Such other facilities as hereafter may be designated by the County.

2.    All generators, handlers and collectors of CDL waste shall deliver or ensure delivery of all nonrecyclable CDL waste generated within the corporate limits of the City to a designated CDL receiving facility or to a back-up facility designated by the County.

3.    Recyclable CDL waste may be transported to any CDL recycling facility or to a recycling market within or outside of the City provided it contains CDL waste in amounts not exceeding ten percent (10%) of total weight per load.

4.    Mixed CDL waste shall be taken only to a designated CDL receiving facility, back-up facility or CDL recycling facility located in the County to the extent permitted by applicable law; provided, that if mixed CDL waste is taken to a CDL receiving facility, all residual CDL waste must be taken to a designated CDL receiving facility or back-up facility designated by the County.

M.    Restrictions: Garbage shall be collected and hauled through the streets of the City only by the City’s collection contractor or a person authorized to collect and haul garbage under RCW 35.13.280 (Franchise) or holding a valid permit from the Utilities and Transportation Commission, except that a person within the City may occasionally self-haul garbage and recyclables from his or her property to an approved collection or disposal site. “Occasionally” shall not mean on a regular or scheduled basis, or for the purpose of avoiding paying an increased rate for service under RMC 8-1-10 for regular collection service. A minimum level of service shall be charged for each customer within the City without regard to any self-hauling of garbage and recyclables, as provided in subsection D of this Section. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)

8-1-4 UNLAWFUL STORAGE, DEPOSIT, DISPOSAL, SCAVENGING, AND HAULING OF SOLID WASTE:

A.     Unlawful Hauling of Garbage and Recyclables: It shall be unlawful for any person other than the City’s collection contractor, or any other person authorized by the City to collect, haul, dump or dispose of garbage and recyclables within the City, except as provided in RMC 8-1-3M.

B.    Unlawful Hauling of Special or Hazardous Waste: It shall be unlawful for any person other than the City’s collection contractor or any other person authorized by the City, State or County to collect, haul, dump or dispose of special or hazardous waste within the City.

C.     Unlawful Storage of Garbage and Recyclables: It shall be unlawful for any person to deposit, throw, dump, store, maintain, retain, keep or place garbage, recyclables or yard waste on private or public real property in the City, except in a garbage can or unit, recycling bin or yard waste cart for the purpose of storing such garbage, recyclables or yard waste until the next regular collection date by the City’s collection contractor or any other person authorized by the City to collect garbage or recyclables. This subsection shall not apply to yard waste in compost piles or receptacles so long as they are properly maintained free of all vectors and any odors traveling off-premises. Further, this subsection shall not apply to any business licensed to collect and store garbage and recyclables when done in an area zoned for the collection or disposal of garbage or recyclables.

D.     Unlawful Deposit of Garbage or Recyclables: It shall be unlawful to deposit, throw, dump, dispose or place any garbage, recyclables, or yard waste in any lane, alley, street, road or other public way or place in the City, except for the purpose of depositing such garbage, recyclables or yard waste at curbside in an approved container or containers for the next regular collection by the City’s collection contractor or any other person authorized by the City to collect garbage or recyclables. It shall also be unlawful to deposit, throw, dump or place any garbage, recyclables or yard waste on private property owned by another person in the City, without the consent of the landowner or person in possession or control of the real property.

E.     Unlawful Storage of Bulky Waste: It shall be unlawful for any person in the City to store, maintain, keep, retain, dump or accumulate bulky waste on private real property in the City, except for any licensed ancillary disposal provider or licensed business in connection with bulky waste collection or disposal in an area zoned for the collection or disposal of bulky waste.

F.    Unlawful Deposit of Bulky Waste: It shall be unlawful to deposit, throw, dump or place any bulky waste in any lane, alley, street, road or other public way or place in the City, except for bulky waste collection by the City’s collection contractor or any other person authorized by the City to collect bulky waste or a licensed ancillary disposal provider pursuant to a City permit. It shall also be unlawful to deposit, throw, dump or place any bulky waste on private real property owned by another person in the City, without the consent of the landowner or person in possession or control of the real property.

G.     Unlawful Storage or Deposit of Special or Hazardous Waste: It shall be unlawful for any person in the City to store, maintain, keep, deposit, retain, dump or accumulate special or hazardous waste on private or public real property in the City. Any special or hazardous waste generated in the City shall be collected and disposed of in accordance with all Federal, State, County, and local statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations, by a solid waste collection contractor licensed for such collection and disposal and stored and disposed of in an area zoned for the storage or disposal of special or hazardous waste.

H.    Unlawful Deposit or Disposal into the Waste Stream of Special or Hazardous Waste: It shall be unlawful to deposit, throw, dump or place any special or hazardous waste into the waste stream in garbage cans or units, recycling bins or yard waste carts for regular garbage or recyclables collection, or to dispose of special or hazardous waste in a transfer station, recycling station or otherwise in the City, except in accordance with Federal, State or County statutes or ordinances and in the manner approved by the State Department of Ecology or its successor, and by a person licensed by law for collection, transfer and disposal of special or hazardous wastes.

I.    Unlawful Deposit or Storage of CDL: It shall be unlawful to deposit, throw, dump, place or store any CDL on private or public real property in the City, except for any licensed ancillary disposal provider or business in connection with CDL collection or disposal at a facility zoned for and designated for receiving disposal of CDL.

J.    Unlawful Use of Garbage Cans or Units, Dumpsters, Recycling Bins or Yard Waste Carts: It shall be unlawful to place, deposit or throw garbage, recyclables or yard waste in the garbage can or unit, detachable container, dumpster, recycling bin or yard waste cart that is owned, leased or rented by another person, without the consent of the person paying for the collection service.

K.    Unlawful Placement and Removal of Garbage Cans, Recycling Bins and Yard Waste Carts: It shall be unlawful for a person residing in a single-family residence to place garbage, recyclables, or yard waste at the curbside for collection by the City’s collection contractor more than 24 hours prior to the regular collection date for his or her single-family residence. It shall also be unlawful for a person residing in a single-family residence to leave garbage cans, recycling bins or yard waste carts at the curbside more than 24 hours after collection by the City’s collection contractor. Further, it shall be unlawful for a person residing in a single-family residence to maintain, place or store any garbage cans, recycling bins or yard waste carts at a location other than adjacent to the residential structure or within a fully enclosed building or garage.

L.     Unlawful Placement and Removal of Garbage Cans, Recycling Bins and Yard Waste Carts in Business Areas: It shall be unlawful for any person accumulating garbage, recyclables, and yard waste in the Center Downtown Zone, Center Neighborhood Zone, Commercial Arterial Zone, or Center Village Zone, as set forth in RMC 4-2-020, whose location requires the placing of garbage cans or units, recycling bins or yard waste carts on sidewalks or alleys for collection, to place garbage cans or units, recycling bins or yard waste carts on sidewalks or alleys earlier than 5:00 p.m. It shall also be unlawful for any person who owns, leases or rents any garbage can or unit, recycling bins or yard waste carts in the zones referenced above to fail to remove their garbage, recycling and yard waste containers from sidewalks or alleys by 9:30 a.m. following collection of the garbage, recyclables or yard waste, except that if collection has not occurred by the City’s collection contractor, then the garbage cans or units, recycling bins or yard waste carts shall be immediately removed following collection. (Ord. 5355, 2-25-08)

M.    Unlawful Deposit of Burning Material, Hot Ashes or Hot Clinkers for Collection: It shall be unlawful to deposit, throw, dump, or place burning material, incendiary hot ashes, hot clinkers or any other material or solid waste sufficiently hot to create combustion when the same come in contact with any garbage, into any garbage can or unit, recycling bin or yard waste cart for collection by the City’s collection contractor.

N.    Unlawful Scavenging: Once any garbage, recyclables or yard waste have been set out on the curbside for collection, or at such other location as authorized by the City, ownership of the garbage, recyclables and yard waste passes to the City’s collection contractor. It shall be unlawful for any person, other than the City’s collection contractor, to remove or collect any garbage, recyclables, or yard waste once it has been set out on the curbside or other approved location for collection. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)

O.    Any violation of this Section shall be a misdemeanor, and subject to the penalties of RMC 1-3-1, as it currently exists or is hereafter amended. (Ord. 5588, 2-7-11; Ord. 5635, 11-14-11; Ord. 5766, 9-21-2015; Ord. 5831, 1-23-17)

8-1-5 SUPERVISION:

The Planning/Building/Public Works Administrator of the City, or the Administrator’s duly authorized representative, is hereby authorized and directed to supervise the collection and disposal of all garbage, recyclables, and yard waste as herein defined. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)

8-1-6 VIOLATIONS OF THIS CHAPTER DECLARED A PUBLIC NUISANCE:

Any person violating any Section or part of this Chapter shall be deemed to have created a public nuisance, and such public nuisance may be abated. Any person creating a public nuisance in violation of this Chapter shall be responsible for removing any unlawful solid waste from the waste stream, including any and all cleanup costs, damages, costs of suit, including attorney’s fees and costs for experts incurred to enjoin such violation or removal of the unlawful solid waste from the waste stream, in addition to any other required or appropriate remedies.

Public nuisances, public nuisance abatements, penalties and/or remedies are defined, provided for and/or allowed pursuant to RMC 1-3-3, as now worded or hereafter amended. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05; Ord. 5635, 11-14-11; Ord. 5653, 2-6-12)

8-1-7 RESERVED

(Ord. 5133, 4-11-05; Ord. 5588, 2-7-11)

8-1-8 SCHEDULE OF COLLECTION:

All garbage, recyclables, and yard wastes as herein provided will be collected within the boundaries of the City as follows:

A.     Regular collections from business firms and commercial enterprises will be made as often as required but shall not exceed one pickup per day, five (5) days per week, Monday through Friday, between the hours of four o’clock (4:00) A.M. and four o’clock (4:00) P.M., unless the City authorizes an extension of such time.

B.     Regular collections of garbage from single-family units and duplexes shall be made one day per week between the hours of seven o’clock (7:00) A.M. and four o’clock (4:00) P.M., Monday through Friday, unless the City authorizes a temporary extension of hours. Regular collection of recyclables from single-family units, duplexes and multi-family residences shall be made one day per week between the hours of seven o’clock (7:00) A.M. and four o’clock (4:00) P.M., unless the City authorizes a temporary extension of hours or more frequent collection. Regular collections of yard waste from residences, except those located in mobile home courts, shall be weekly on the same day per week as regular garbage collection. Mobile home courts may have collection of yard wastes only upon agreement of the City and its collection contractor.

C.     When a legal holiday falls during the workweek and the contractor does not work on such holiday, Saturday collections will be permitted. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)

8-1-9 BILLINGS AND COLLECTIONS; LIEN AND ENFORCEMENT:

A.     Billings and Collections:

1.     Billings: Unless otherwise specified in any contract between the City and the City’s collection contractor, the City shall collect the charges for services rendered hereunder from the person as hereunto defined for whom collection services are furnished and/or the owner of the property for which the collection service is rendered. Such billing shall be made monthly or bimonthly and may include charges for other services rendered to the City to such person.

a.     All charges for collection services rendered and billed hereunder shall be due and payable to the City within twenty-five (25) days from billing date.

b.    If the charges billed are not paid within the twenty (20) day period from the due date, such charges shall become delinquent. Once the charges become delinquent, there shall be added a late fee of ten percent (10%) of the past due charges but not less than fifty cents ($0.50) to compensate the City for handling the past due account, subsequent billings and any collection action taken.

c.     Upon such delinquency occurring, and following at least one further billing for the charges, if the account is not paid within one hundred twenty (120) days of the rendering of the initial bill which has become delinquent, the City acting through its utility billing section, in conjunction with the Solid Waste Coordinator, shall notify the collection contractor to cease all further collections for said account until payment of accumulated fees has been made in full. The stoppage of services for nonpayment of collection charges shall be in addition to any and all other rights of the City to proceed for the collection of unpaid charges.

d.     Following cessation of collection due to nonpayment of charges, the delinquent customer shall be penalized monthly an amount equivalent to the monthly services charged for collection as billed prior to the delinquency.

B.     Lien and Enforcement: Any such delinquent charges shall become a lien against the property for which the garbage collection service is rendered. A notice of the City’s lien for garbage collection disposal service specifying the charges, the period covered by the charges, and giving the legal description of the premises sought to be charged, shall be filed with the office of the King County Auditor within the time required, and shall be foreclosed in the manner and within the time prescribed for liens for labor and material and as otherwise specified in RCW 35.21.140 et seq. All liens filed pursuant to the aforecited State statute shall be prior to any and all other liens and encumbrances filed subsequent to the filing of such lien with the office of the King County Auditor, except the lien for general taxes and local improvement assessments whether levied prior or subsequent thereto. The City shall have the right to claim its collection costs and attorney’s fees for foreclosure of the lien.

C.     Responsibility for Charges: The customer receiving collection services shall have a personal obligation to pay charges for said services. This obligation is in addition to the obligations detailed in subsections A and B of this Section. The City’s Solid Waste Utility shall have the absolute authority, except as limited by State laws, to refuse to furnish service to, to discontinue service to, or to refuse to resume services to any applicant or customer on account of their failure to pay delinquent bills owing said utility by such person, whether such bills cover service at the premises sought to be served, or elsewhere within the City.

D.     Appeal: Prior to the City terminating further collections, the City’s utility billing section shall send a notice to the responsible person or persons that the bill for services is delinquent and of the City’s intention to terminate service. The person or persons so notified shall have the right, within ten (10) days of receipt of such notification, to appeal to the Finance Administrator, in writing, the declaration of delinquency and the City’s intention to terminate service. The notice shall be deemed received three (3) days following mailing of the notice. The Finance Administrator’s inquiry shall be limited to whether or not a delinquency exists, and whether or not the City should terminate further collection services. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05; Ord. 5547, 8-9-10; Ord. 5654, 2-13-12)

8-1-10 RATES FOR SERVICES:

The following schedule is hereby adopted as the monthly charges to be paid to the City for services rendered in each category:

A.    Residential Customers:

1.    For garbage cans, carts, and/or garbage units:

Single-family Every Other Week Garbage & Recycling, Weekly Yard Waste & Food Scraps Cart Service Level

2023 Renton SWU Monthly Rates

2024 Renton SWU Monthly Rates

20 Gallon Contractor Cart

$16.07

$17.32

35 Gallon Contractor Cart

$26.43

$28.48

45 Gallon Contractor Cart

$33.32

$35.90

64 Gallon Contractor Cart

$46.37

$49.96

96 Gallon Contractor Cart

$68.46

$73.77

Each Additional 35 Gallon Cart

$26.43

$28.48

Senior 20 Gallon Cart Rate (75% subsidy)/for Existing customers with a 20 Gallon Cart prior to May 31, 2008

$4.02

$4.33

Senior 20 Gallon Cart Rate (50% subsidy)

$8.03

$8.65

Senior 35 Gallon Cart Rate (50% subsidy)

$13.22

$14.25

Senior 45 Gallon Cart Rate (50% subsidy)

$16.65

$17.94

Senior 64 Gallon Cart Rate (50% subsidy)

$23.21

$25.00

Senior 96 Gallon Cart Rate (50% subsidy)

$34.46

$37.13

Extra Garbage, up to 15 gallons per unit/per pickup

$4.92

$5.30

Extra 96 Gallon Yard Waste Cart Rental

$2.73

$2.94

Residential Return Trip Charge per pickup

$7.08

$7.63

Cart Cleaning (per cart, per cleaning)

$13.64

$14.69

Drive-in Charge (per month)

$7.46

$8.04

Overweight/Oversize Container (per pickup)

$3.94

$4.25

Re-delivery (one or more containers)

$13.64

$14.69

Sunken Can Surcharge

$9.37

$10.09

(Ord. 5569, 11-8-10)

2.    Residential customers are allowed to change their garbage service level once per year without incurring an administrative fee. Each garbage service level change per year above the once per year allowance will result in an administrative fee of thirty-five dollars ($35.00). The one (1) year period shall begin January 1 and shall end December 31 each year.

3.    Senior and/or disabled customers who qualified under Subsection 8-4-31.C of this Title for low-income rates for seventy-five percent (75%) subsidy prior to May 31, 2008, are eligible for a four dollars and two cents ($4.02) fee for 2023 and a four dollars and thirty-three cents ($4.33) fee for 2024 for 20 Gallon Cart service. For services other than 20 Gallon Cart service, the rate schedule at the fifty percent (50%) subsidy as provided in Subsection 8-1-10.A.1 will apply. All senior and/or disabled customers qualifying under Subsection 8-4-31.C for low-income rates after May 31, 2008, are eligible for a fifty percent (50%) subsidy of the charges for the service level selected.

4.    Premium Weekly Collection: Single-family residential customers may elect to have their garbage collected weekly for an additional fee of twenty-six dollars and ninety-eight cents ($26.98) per month for 2023, and twenty-nine dollars and seven cents ($29.07) for 2024. This fee will be added to the monthly garbage billing as an extra Premium Service Fee.

5.    Miscellaneous Services: The City of Renton offers miscellaneous services at the following rates:

Services Cost per Pick Up

On-Call Bulky Waste Collection

2023 Rates

2024 Rates

White Goods, except Refrigerators/Freezers per unit

$86.39

$93.08

Refrigerators/Freezers per unit

$92.44

$99.60

Sofas/Chairs per unit

$80.34

$86.56

Mattresses per unit

$77.30

$83.29

B.    Commercial Customers:

1.    Multi-family Carts: Customers have the following cart-based services available:

 

Multi-family (“MF”) Cart Service Level

2023 SWU Monthly Rates

2024 SWU Monthly Rates

Weekly Can and Cart

MF One 20 Gallon Cart

$26.48

$28.28

MF One 35 Gallon Garbage Cart

$34.43

$36.77

MF One 45 Gallon Garbage Cart

$42.72

$45.63

MF One 64 Gallon Contractor Cart

$50.97

$54.44

MF One 96 Gallon Contractor Cart

$67.52

$72.11

Extra MF Can or Units -32 Gallon Equivalent

$7.18

$7.67

MF Weekly 64 Gallon Yard Waste (incl. Cart)

$49.79

$53.18

(Ord. 5569, 11-8-10)

2.    Commercial Carts: Customers have the following contractor cart-based services available:

 

Commercial Cart Service Level

2023 SWU Monthly Rates

2024 SWU Monthly Rates

Weekly Commercial Can and Cart

One 20 Gallon Cart

$41.81

$44.65

One 35 Gallon Garbage Cart

$46.50

$49.66

One 45 Gallon Garbage Cart

$53.00

$56.61

One 64 Gallon Garbage Cart

$59.74

$63.81

One 96 Gallon Garbage Cart

$73.40

$78.39

Extra Units – 32 Gallon Equivalent

$7.47

$7.97

Weekly 64 Gallon Yard Waste Cart

$49.79

$53.18

Customer Event Service

(3 Carts: Garbage, Recycle, Yard Waste/Day)

$41.48

$44.30

(Ord. 5569, 11-8-10)

3.    Commercial Detachable Containers One (1) to Eight (8) Yards: The rate for the handling of detachable containers approved by the City’s contractor and the City for use by commercial, industrial and multi-family residence establishments shall be as follows:

a.    Monthly Rates:

 

Commercial Service Level

2023 SWU Monthly Rates

2024 SWU Monthly Rates

Commercial Detachable Container (Loose)

1 Cubic Yard, 1 pickup/week

$125.50

$134.04

1 Cubic Yard, 2 pickups/week

$235.67

$251.70

1 Cubic Yard, 3 pickups/week

$345.89

$369.43

1 Cubic Yard, 4 pickups/week

$456.06

$487.10

1 Cubic Yard, 5 pickups/week

$566.26

$604.79

1.5 Cubic Yards, 1 pickup/week

$172.03

$183.73

1.5 Cubic Yards, 2 pickups/week

$328.76

$351.13

1.5 Cubic Yards, 3 pickups/week

$485.48

$518.52

1.5 Cubic Yards, 4 pickups/week

$642.22

$685.92

1.5 Cubic Yards, 5 pickups/week

$798.93

$853.29

2 Cubic Yards, 1 pickup/week

$216.87

$231.63

2 Cubic Yards, 2 pickups/week

$418.44

$446.91

2 Cubic Yards, 3 pickups/week

$620.01

$662.20

2 Cubic Yards, 4 pickups/week

$821.58

$877.48

2 Cubic Yards, 5 pickups/week

$1,023.16

$1,092.78

3 Cubic Yards, 1 pickup/week

$308.57

$329.56

3 Cubic Yards, 2 pickups/week

$601.86

$642.82

3 Cubic Yards, 3 pickups/week

$895.14

$956.05

3 Cubic Yards, 4 pickups/week

$1,188.42

$1,269.29

3 Cubic Yards, 5 pickups/week

$1,481.72

$1,582.55

4 Cubic Yards, 1 pickup/week

$400.12

$427.35

4 Cubic Yards, 2 pickups/week

$784.97

$838.38

4 Cubic Yards, 3 pickups/week

$1,169.79

$1,249.39

4 Cubic Yards, 4 pickups/week

$1,554.50

$1,660.28

4 Cubic Yards, 5 pickups/week

$1,939.47

$2,071.44

6 Cubic Yards, 1 pickup/week

$580.54

$620.04

6 Cubic Yards, 2 pickups/week

$1,145.78

$1,223.75

6 Cubic Yards, 3 pickups/week

$1,711.02

$1,827.45

6 Cubic Yards, 4 pickups/week

$2,276.26

$2,431.16

6 Cubic Yards, 5 pickups/week

$2,841.52

$3,034.88

8 Cubic Yards, 1 pickup/week

$759.88

$811.59

8 Cubic Yards, 2 pickups/week

$1,504.47

$1,606.84

8 Cubic Yards, 3 pickups/week

$2,249.02

$2,402.07

8 Cubic Yards, 4 pickups/week

$2,993.62

$3,197.32

8 Cubic Yards, 5 pickups/week

$3,738.20

$3,992.57

Extra Cubic Yard Loose in container, per cubic yard/per pickup

$25.42

$27.15

Extra Cubic Yard Loose on ground, per cubic yard/per pickup

$39.12

$41.78

Commercial Detachable Container (Compacted)

1 Cubic Yard Compactor

$299.30

$319.66

1.5 Cubic Yards Compactor

$432.51

$461.94

2 Cubic Yards Compactor

$555.85

$593.68

3 Cubic Yards Compactor

$818.64

$874.34

4 Cubic Yards Compactor

$1,081.77

$1,155.39

6 Cubic Yards Compactor

$1,607.25

$1,716.62

(Ord. 5569, 11-8-10)

b.    Rental Rates: Rental rates for one (1) to eight (8) yard containers will be paid in the monthly rates.

c.    Minimum Pickups: Minimum pickups for containers and compactors between one (1) and eight (8) yards will be once per week.

4.    Extra Charges:

a.    The following extra charges will apply for commercial services, including Multi-family and Commercial Cart, Detachable and Roll Off Container services:

Commercial Cart & Detachable Extra Service Fees

2023

2024

1 Yard Extra Pickup

$32.07

$34.26

1.5 Yard Extra Pickup

$43.96

$46.96

2 Yard Extra Pickup

$55.44

$59.21

3 Yard Extra Pickup

$78.87

$84.23

4 Yard Extra Pickup

$102.25

$109.21

6 Yard Extra Pickup

$148.38

$158.47

8 Yard Extra Pickup

$194.21

$207.43

1 Yard Compactor Extra Pickup

$76.50

$81.71

1.5 Yard Compactor Extra Pickup

$110.55

$118.07

2 Yard Compactor Extra Pickup

$142.07

$151.73

3 Yard Compactor Extra Pickup

$209.22

$223.46

4 Yard Compactor Extra Pickup

$276.47

$295.29

6 Yard Compactor Extra Pickup

$410.78

$438.73

Commercial cart carry out charge if over 50 feet, per 25 ft/cart, container/pickup

$7.72

$8.24

Return trip for carts/containers not available for collection at regularly scheduled pickup time

$34.32

$36.65

Redelivery of Cart

$11.49

$12.28

Redelivery of Container

$22.98

$24.54

Cleaning (per cart, per yard container capacity)

$11.49

$12.28

Stand-by Time for containers (per minute)

$6.83

$7.29

 

Roll Off Extra Service Fees

2023

2024

Return Trip for Drop Box

$36.73

$38.56

Container Cleaning Drop Box (per yard capacity)

$13.26

$13.92

Drop Box to Other Facility (per one-way mile)

$3.74

$3.92

Solid Lid on Drop Box (monthly rental)

$93.47

$98.15

Drop Box Turn Around Charge

$28.84

$30.28

Stand-by Time for Drop Box (per minute)

$1.88

$1.98

Hourly Rates

 

 

Rear/Side-Load Packer + Driver

$129.15

$135.61

Front Load Packer + Driver

$129.15

$135.61

Drop Box Truck + Driver

$112.28

$117.90

Additional Labor (per person)

$49.10

$51.56

b.    Any extra yardage charges determined by the collection contractor due to overflowing containers will be charged per yard at the one (1) yard rate listed under subsection 8-1-10.B.3.a.

5.    Special Services:

a.    Special Event Services: Bundled Garbage, Recycling, and Yard Waste Cart-based service is available upon request to customers sponsoring Special Events within the City. The daily fee for Special Event Services is forty-one dollars and forty-eight cents ($41.48) in 2023 and forty-four dollars and thirty cents ($44.30) for 2024, per one (1) set of bundled carts.

b.    Special Services Unspecified: Whenever special services not contained within this schedule are required, the rate charged for those special services shall be negotiated between the City and the collection contractor. (Ord. 5458, 6-1-09)

C.    Commercial Roll Off Customers: Commercial Roll Off customers are those who have a ten (10) to forty (40) yard container or compactor. These large disposal containers are lifted, hauled, and weighed at the disposal facility. Commercial container customers pay solid waste fees based upon the number of pickups, corresponding weight-based fees and a container rental fee. Compactor customers pay solid waste fees based upon the number of pickups and corresponding weight-based disposal fees.

1.    Base Pickup Fees: The base pickup fees are as follows on a per occurrence basis:

Commercial Roll Off Rates are Per Pickup

2023

2024

10 Yards Container

$273.08

$286.74

15 Yards Container

$293.14

$307.79

20 Yards Container

$301.16

$316.22

25 Yards Container

$313.82

$329.51

30 Yards Container

$326.51

$342.83

40 Yards Container

$349.35

$366.81

10-15 Yards Compactor

$308.36

$323.77

20 Yards Compactor

$335.80

$352.59

25 Yards Compactor

$348.37

$365.78

30 Yards Compactor

$360.93

$378.98

40 Yards Compactor

$383.38

$402.54

The minimum pickups are twice per month.

2.    Rental Rates: The following are rental rates for permanent roll off containers:

Monthly Rental Rates

2023

2024

10 Yards Container

$56.03

$58.83

15 Yards Container

$79.99

$83.99

20 Yards Container

$103.89

$109.08

25 Yards Container

$115.87

$121.66

30 Yards Container

$127.84

$134.24

40 Yards Container

$157.55

$165.43

3.    Disposal Fees: In addition to the base collection charge per pickup and the monthly rental fee, the customer must pay weight-based disposal fees plus applicable tax.

D.    (Rep. by Ord. 4898, 3-19-2001)

E.    Temporary Services: Temporary Services are Commercial Container and Roll Off services not to exceed ninety (90) days of service. Customers will be billed for container delivery, container rental, and container pickup based upon the number of pickups. For ten (10) to forty (40) yard containers, customers will be billed separate disposal charges based upon weight-based fees plus all applicable taxes. Customers will be required to provide an advanced payment in the amount of four hundred dollars ($400.00) for two (2) yard to eight (8) yard detachable containers and eight hundred dollars ($800.00) for ten (10) to forty (40) yard Roll Off containers. The advanced payment will be held and applied to the final billing for services provided.

1.    Temporary Container Base Pickup Fees:

Commercial Temporary Service Per Pickup

2023

2024

2 Yard Temporary

$70.93

$75.76

4 Yard Temporary

$127.67

$136.35

6 Yard Temporary

$181.85

$194.22

8 Yard Temporary

$211.50

$225.89

10 – 40 Yard Temporary

$241.73

$253.82

2.    Temporary Container Rental Fees:

Commercial Temporary Daily Rental

2023

2024

2 Yard Temporary

$7.09

$7.57

4 Yard Temporary

$7.09

$7.57

6 Yard Temporary

$7.09

$7.57

8 Yard Temporary

$7.09

$7.57

10 – 40 Yard Temporary

$10.78

$11.32

 

Commercial Temporary Monthly Rental

2023

2024

2 Yard Temporary

$215.65

$230.25

4 Yard Temporary

$215.65

$230.25

6 Yard Temporary

$215.65

$230.25

8 Yard Temporary

$215.65

$230.25

10 – 40 Yard Temporary

$327.89

$344.32

3.    Temporary Container Delivery Fee: A fee in the amount of seventy-seven dollars and eleven cents ($77.11) in 2023 and eighty dollars and ninety-seven cents ($80.97) in 2024, will be charged for each temporary container delivered to the customer.

F.    Classification and Appeal: Service category classifications shall be on the basis of the type and volume of solid waste and the purpose and type of the dwelling or facility being served as determined by the Public Works Administrator of the City, or the Administrator’s duly authorized representative. Any person who shall deem their classification improper may appeal to the Solid Waste Program Manager within forty-five (45) days following their classification or change of classification. After the decision of the Solid Waste Program Manager, if the party appealing is still aggrieved, then the party may appeal to the Public Works Administrator, whose decision shall be final. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05; Ord. 5372, 4-28-08; Ord. 5418, 11-10-08; Ord. 5505, 11-16-09, eff. 1-1-10; Ord. 5674, 11-5-12; Ord. 5733, 11-3-14; Ord. 5822, 11-21-16; Ord. 5891, 10-22-18; Ord. 5987, 11-9-20; Ord. 6054, 1-24-22; Ord. 6105, 11-28-22)

8-1-11 ADOPTION BY REFERENCE:

A.     The following Federal, State and local environmental health laws, rules or regulations, at least one copy of which is on file with the City Clerk, are hereby adopted as applicable laws, rules and regulations governing the generation and collection of solid waste:

1.     Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.Starting April 1, 2022

2.     Chapter 70.95 RCW, as amended.

3.     King County Board of Health Rules and Regulations No. 8.

4.     King County Code Title 10.

B.     All waste generated or collected from within the corporate limits of the City which is delivered to the County system for disposal shall be in compliance with such provisions. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)

8-1-12 SEVERABILITY:

If any section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Chapter is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional, such invalidity or unconstitutionality shall not affect the validity or constitutionality of the remaining portions of this Chapter, it being herein expressly declared that this Chapter and each section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause and phrase thereof would have been adopted irrespective of the fact that any one or more other sections, subsections, paragraphs, sentences, clauses or phrases be declared invalid or unconstitutional. (Ord. 5133, 4-11-05)


1

    Ordinance No. 5133 amended and reorganized Chapter 8-1 in its entirety. Prior legislation includes Ords. 4238, 9-11-89; 4351, 5-4-92; 4376, 11-16-92; 4414, 8-9-93; 4418, 8-23-93; 4426, 11-8-93; 4460, 7-18-94; 4567, 12-11-95; 4643, 12-9-96; 4659, 3-17-97; 4692, 12-1-97; 4723, 5-11-98; 4756, 12-14-98; 4807, 10-25-99; 4815, 11-22-99; 4856, 8-21-00; 4871, 11-20-00; 4878, 12-4-00; 4898, 3-19-01; 4932, 12-10-01.