Chapter 23.22
COMMERCIAL ZONING DISTRICTS

Sections:

23.22.010    Purpose of commercial use districts.

23.22.020    Performance standards and special requirements.

23.22.030    Commercial use districts permitted land uses.

23.22.040    Site requirements and development standards for commercial use districts.

23.22.050    Parking standards for commercial use districts.

23.22.010 Purpose of commercial use districts.

A. The limited business use district (C-LB) is a zone classification designed to provide an area for the location of buildings for professional and business offices, motels, hotels, and their associated accessory uses, and other compatible uses serving as an administrative district for the enhancement of the central business districts, with regulations to afford protection for developments in this and adjacent districts and in certain instances to provide a buffer zone between residential areas and other commercial and industrial districts. This zoning classification is intended to be applied to some portions of the city that are designated either commercial or high-density residential under the city of Richland comprehensive plan.

B. The neighborhood retail business use district (C-1) is a limited retail business zone classification for areas which primarily provide retail products and services for the convenience of nearby neighborhoods with minimal impact to the surrounding residential area. This zoning classification is intended to be applied to some portions of the city that are designated commercial under the city of Richland comprehensive plan.

C. The retail business use district (C-2) is a business zone classification providing for a wide range of retail business uses and services compatible to the core of the city and providing a focal point for the commerce of the city. All activities shall be conducted within an enclosed building except that off-street loading, parking, and servicing of automobiles may be in the open and except that outdoor storage may be permitted when conducted in conjunction with the principal operation which is in an enclosed adjoining building. This zoning classification is intended to be applied to some portions of the city that are designated commercial under the city of Richland comprehensive plan.

D. The general business use district (C-3) is a zone classification providing a use district for commercial establishments which require a retail contact with the public together with incidental shop work, storage and warehousing, or light manufacturing and extensive outdoor storage and display, and those retail businesses satisfying the essential permitted use criteria of the C-2 use district. This zoning classification is intended to be applied to some portions of the city that are either designated as commercial or designated as industrial and located adjacent to SR 240 under the city of Richland comprehensive plan.

E. The waterfront use district (WF) is a special commercial and residential zoning classification providing for the establishment of such uses as marinas, boat docking facilities, resort motel and hotel facilities, offices, and other similar commercial, apartment, and multifamily uses which are consistent with waterfront oriented development, and which are in conformance with RMC Title 26, Shoreline Management, and with applicable U.S. Corps of Engineers requirements. This zoning classification encourages mixed special commercial and high-density residential uses to accommodate a variety of lifestyles and housing opportunities. Any combination of listed uses may be located in one building or one development (i.e., related buildings on the same lot or site). This zoning classification is intended to be applied to those portions of the city that are designated waterfront under the city of Richland comprehensive plan.

F. The central business district (CBD) is a special mixed use zoning classification designed to encourage the transformation of the central business district from principally a strip commercial auto-oriented neighborhood to a more compact development pattern. The central business district is envisioned to become a center for housing, employment, shopping, recreation, professional service and culture. The uses and development pattern will be integrated and complementary to create a lively and self-supporting district. Medium rise buildings will be anchored by pedestrian oriented storefronts on the ground floor with other uses including housing on upper floors. Projects will be well designed and include quality building materials. Appropriate private development will be encouraged via public investments in the streetscape and through reduction in off-street parking standards. Uses shall generally be conducted completely within an enclosed building, except that outdoor seating for cafes, restaurants, and similar uses and outdoor product display is encouraged. Buildings shall be oriented to the fronting street or accessway, to promote a sense of enclosure and continuity along the street or accessway. This zoning classification is intended for those portions of the city that are designated as central business district, as well as some properties designated as commercial and waterfront, under the Richland comprehensive plan. The central business district zone contains overlay districts titled medical, parkway, and uptown. The overlay districts implement varying site development requirements.

G. The commercial recreation district (CR) is a special commercial district providing for the establishment of such uses as marinas, boat docking facilities, resort motel and hotel facilities, and other commercial uses which are consistent with waterfront oriented development, and which are in conformance with RMC Title 26, Shoreline Management, and with the U.S. Corps of Engineers requirements, and providing for regulations to protect the business and residents of the city from objectionable influences, building congestion and lack of light, air and privacy. This zoning classification is intended for those portions of the city that are designated as waterfront or commercial under the Richland comprehensive plan.

H. The commercial winery use district (CW) is a zone classification designed to provide an area for the operation of commercial wineries, including all aspects of the wine making industry, from the raising of crops to the production, storage and bottling of wine and the retail sales of wine and related products. Other uses, which support winery-related tourism, such as restaurants, entertainment venues, retail services such as gift shops and bed and breakfast facilities are also permitted, along with other uses that are compatible with wineries. [Ord. 28-05 § 1.02; Ord. 04-09; Ord. 32-17 § 1].

23.22.020 Performance standards and special requirements.

A. Commercial Limited Business. Residential uses permitted in the C-LB district must comply with the following standards except as provided by footnote (6) of RMC 23.22.040:

1. Minimum Yard Requirements.

a. Front Yard. Twenty feet except as provided by footnote (3) of RMC 23.18.040;

b. Side Yards. Each side yard shall provide one foot of side yard for each three feet or portion thereof of building height;

c. Rear Yards. Twenty-five feet.

2. Required Court Dimensions. Each court on which windows open from any room other than a kitchen, bathroom or a closet, shall have all horizontal dimensions measured at right angles from the windows to any wall or to any lot line other than a front lot line equal to not less than the height of the building above the floor level of the story containing the room, but no dimension shall be less than 20 feet.

3. Distance between Buildings. No main building shall be closer to any other main building on the lot than a distance equal to the average of their heights. This provision shall not apply if no portion of either building lies within the space between the prolongation of lines along any two of the opposite walls of the other building, but in any such situation the buildings shall not be closer to each other than a distance of 10 feet.

4. Percentage of Lot Coverage. Apartment buildings in a C-LB district shall cover not more than 33 percent of the area of the lot.

B. Neighborhood Retail Business. All uses permitted in a C-1 district must comply with the following performance standards:

1. All business, service, repair, processing, or merchandise display shall be conducted wholly within an enclosed building, except for off-street automobile parking, the sale of gasoline, and self-service car washes. Limited outdoor display of merchandise is permitted; provided, that such display shall include only those quantities sold in a day’s operation.

2. Outdoor storage areas incidental to a permitted use shall be enclosed with not less than a six-foot-high fence and shall be visually screened from adjoining properties. All storage areas shall comply with building setbacks.

3. Not more than three persons shall be engaged at any one time in fabricating, repairing, cleaning, or other processing of goods other than food preparation in any establishment. All goods produced shall be primarily sold at retail on the premises where produced.

4. Lighting, including permitted illuminated signs, shall be shielded or arranged so as not to reflect or cause glare to extend into any residential districts, or to interfere with the safe operation of motor vehicles.

5. Noise levels resulting from the operation of equipment used in the conduct of business in the C-1 district shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 173-60 WAC, Maximum Environmental Noise Levels.

6. No single retail business, except for a food store, shall operate within a building space that exceeds 15,000 square feet in area, unless approved by the planning commission through the issuance of a special use permit upon the finding that the proposed retail business primarily serves and is appropriately located within the surrounding residential neighborhoods.

7. In addition to standards (1) through (6) listed above, any commercial use that is immediately adjacent to a residentially zoned property (including R-1-12, single-family residential, R-1-10, single-family residential, R-2, medium density residential, R-2S, medium density residential small lot, or planned unit development that is comprised of single-family homes) shall comply with the following standards. For the purposes of this section, the term “adjacent” includes abutting properties, and any property that is located within 75 feet of the nearest residential property. The term “adjacent” does not include properties that are separated by a public right-of-way.

a. Setback from Residential Property Boundary. Thirty feet.

b. Building Design Standard. No rooftop mechanical equipment shall be permitted unless screened from view with parapet wall or similar screening.

c. Parking. Vehicle parking areas and any access driveways (pavement) must be set back a minimum of 10 feet from residential property boundary. A solid fence or masonry wall between six and eight feet tall is required between any paved parking or access drive and the residential property boundary.

d. Outdoor Lighting. All outdoor lighting must comply with the Pattern Outdoor Lighting Code (USA) standard version 2.0, July 2010. For the purposes of this section, properties subject to this standard shall be considered to be within lighting zone 1.

e. Signs. All commercial signs placed on-site shall comply with Section 5 of the Pattern Outdoor Lighting Code (USA) standard version 2.0, July 2010; except that multicolored changeable copy LED signs shall not be permitted.

f. Mechanical Equipment. Any mechanical equipment placed outdoors between the building and the residential property boundary shall be screened to reduce equipment noise levels. Alternatively, the building owner can provide documentation to the city indicating that the specific equipment to be used will not generate noise levels beyond permissible state noise standards.

g. Refuse Areas. Any dumpsters or area for collection of recycled materials shall be set back a minimum of 20 feet from the nearest residential property boundary and shall be screened from view by a solid screen sufficient to block its view from all adjacent residential properties.

h. Landscaping. The portions of a commercial site that lie within 30 feet of a residential property boundary that are not covered with buildings, parking areas, access drives, loading areas or outdoor storage shall be landscaped and/or xeriscaped.

8. An individual proposing development on any commercial use that is immediately adjacent to a residentially zoned property (including R-1-12, single-family residential, R-1-10, single-family residential, R-2, medium density residential, R-2S, medium density residential small lot, or planned unit development that is comprised of single-family homes) that does not meet the standards contained in subsection (B)(7) of this section may apply for a deviation from these standards by filing an application with the city. Such request shall be reviewed by the hearing examiner in accordance with the provisions for a public hearing for a Type II permit application. A request for deviation from these standards shall be granted only when the hearing examiner determines that the proposed deviation offers equivalent or better mitigation of impacts from commercial development to the adjacent residential properties than would occur under the basic standards. The hearing examiner shall at a minimum consider the type of commercial use proposed; the design of the commercial building or buildings; the topography of the site and adjacent residential properties; the proposed landscaping, lighting, and other mitigation measures proposed by the applicant in making a determination to grant or deny a requested deviation from these standards.

C. General Business. All permitted commercial business uses may be located in the C-3 district, provided their performance is of such a nature that they do not inflict upon the surrounding residential areas, smoke, dirt, glare, odors, vibration, noise, excessive hazards or water pollution detrimental to the health, welfare or safety of the public occupying or visiting the areas. The maximum permissible limits of these detrimental effects shall be as herein defined and upon exceeding these limits they shall be as herein considered a nuisance, declared in violation of this title and shall be ordered abated.

1. Smokestacks shall not emit a visible smoke except for one 10-minute period each day, when a new fire is being started. During this period, the density of the smoke shall not be darker than No. 2 of the Ringlemann Chart as published by the U.S. Bureau of Mines.

2. No visible or invisible noxious gases, fumes, fly ash, soot or industrial wastes shall be discharged into the atmosphere from any continuous or intermittent operation except such as is common to the normal operations of heating plants or gasoline or diesel engines in cars, trucks or railroad engines.

3. Building materials with high light reflective qualities shall not be used in the construction of buildings in such a manner that reflected sunlight will throw intense glare to areas surrounding the C-3 district.

4. Odors of an intensity greater than that of a faint smell of cinnamon which can be detected by persons traveling the roads bordering the lee side of the C-3 district, when a 10 mph wind or less is blowing, are prohibited.

5. Machines or operations which generate air or ground vibration must be baffled or insulated to eliminate any sensation of sound or vibration outside the C-3 district.

D. Waterfront. It is the intent of this section that:

1. Uses should be oriented primarily to the waterfront and secondarily to the public street to facilitate public access to the waterfront; and

2. Public pedestrian access shall include clearly marked travel pathways from the public street through parking areas to primary building entries.

E. Central Business District. New buildings shall conform to the following design standards:

1. The maximum setback area shall only be improved with pedestrian amenities including but not limited to: landscaping, street furniture, sidewalks, plazas, bicycle racks, and public art.

2. Building facades facing streets shall include:

a. Glass fenestration on 50 percent to 80 percent of the ground floor of the building facade. A window display cabinet, work of art, decorative grille or similar treatment may be used to cover an opening for concealment and to meet this standard on those portions of the ground floor facade where the applicant can demonstrate that the intrusion of natural light is detrimental to the ground floor use. Examples of such uses include, but are not limited to, movie theaters, museums, laboratories, and classrooms.

b. At least two of the following architectural elements:

i. Awnings;

ii. Wall plane modulation at a minimum of three feet for every wall more than 50 feet in length;

iii. Pilasters or columns;

iv. Bays;

v. Balconies or building overhangs; or

vi. Upper story windows (comprising a minimum of 50 percent of the facade).

3. At least one pedestrian, nonservice entrance into the building will be provided on each street frontage or provided at the building corner.

4. Variation of exterior building material between the ground and upper floors of multi-story buildings.

5. All buildings with a flat roof shall use a modulated height parapet wall for wall lengths greater than 50 feet. The modulation of parapet heights is encouraged to identify building entrances.

6. All new buildings that utilize parapet walls shall include a projecting cornice detail to create a prominent edge.

7. Public street and sidewalk improvements are required per Richland Municipal Code to implement approved street cross-sections. Curb cuts are encouraged to be located adjacent to property lines and shared with adjacent properties, via joint access agreement.

8. Service bays, loading areas, refuse dumpsters, kitchen waste receptacles, outdoor storage locations, and rooftop mechanical equipment shall be located away from public rights-of-way via site planning and screened from view with landscaping, solid screening or combination.

9. Alternative Design. In the event that a proposed building and/or site does not meet the literal standards identified in this section, or the maximum setback standards set forth in RMC 23.22.040 or the maximum parking standards set forth in RMC 23.22.050, a project representative may apply to the Richland planning commission for a deviation from these site design standards. The Richland planning commission shall consider said deviation and may approve any deviation based on its review and a determination that the application meets the following findings:

a. That the proposal would result in a development that offers equivalent or superior site design than conformance with the literal standards contained in this section; and

b. The proposal addresses all applicable design standards of this section in a manner which fulfills their basic purpose and intent; and

c. The proposal is compatible with and responds to the existing or intended character, appearance, quality of development and physical characteristics of the subject property and immediate vicinity. [Ord. 28-05 § 1.02; Ord. 07-06; Ord. 04-09; Ord. 07-10 § 1.01; amended during 2011 recodification; Ord. 32-11 § 4; Ord. 20-16 § 1].

23.22.030 Commercial use districts permitted land uses.

In the following chart, land use classifications are listed on the vertical axis. Zoning districts are listed on the horizontal axis.

A. If the symbol “P” appears in the box at the intersection of the column and row, the use is permitted, subject to the general requirements and performance standards required in that zoning district.

B. If the symbol “S” appears in the box at the intersection of the column and row, the use is permitted subject to the special use permit provisions contained in Chapter 23.46 RMC.

C. If the symbol “A” appears in the box at the intersection of the column and the row, the use is permitted as an accessory use, subject to the general requirements and performance standards required in the zoning district.

D. If a number appears in the box at the intersection of the column and the row, the use is subject to the general conditions and special provisions indicated in the corresponding note.

E. If no symbol appears in the box at the intersection of the column and the row, the use is prohibited in that zoning district.

Land Use	C-LB	C-1	C-2	C-3	CBD	WF	CR	CW
Agricultural Uses
Raising Crops, Trees, Vineyards								P
Automotive, Marine and Heavy Equipment
Automotive Repair – Major				P
Automotive Repair – Minor		P	P	P	S
Automotive Repair – Specialty Shop		S	P	P	S
Automobile Service Station		P1	P1	P1	S1
Auto Part Sales		P	P	P	S
Boat Building				P
Bottling Plants				P				P28
Car Wash – Automatic or Self-Service		P2	P2	P2	S2
Equipment Rentals			P	P
Farm Equipment and Supplies Sales				P
Fuel Station/Mini Mart	S	P	P	P	P
Heavy Equipment Sales and Repair				P
Manufactured Home Sales Lot				P
Marinas						P	P
Marine Equipment Rentals				P		P	P
Marine Gas Sales						A	A
Marine Repair				P		P	P
Towing, Vehicle Impound Lots				S3
Truck Rentals			P	P
Truck Stop – Diesel Fuel Sales			S	P
Truck Terminal				P
Vehicle Leasing/Renting			P4	P	S4
Vehicle Sales			P4	P	S4
Warehousing, Wholesale Use				P
Business and Personal Services
Animal Shelter				S5
Automatic Teller Machines	P	P	P	P	P	P		P
Commercial Kennel				P5
Contractors’ Offices		P	P	P	P
Funeral Establishments			P	P
General Service Businesses	A	P	P	P	P	P
Health/Fitness Facility	A	P	P	P	P	A	P
Health/Fitness Center			P	P	P		P
Health Spa		P	P	P	P	P		P
Hospital/Clinic – Large Animal				S5
Hospital/Clinic – Small Animal			S5	P5	P
Laundry/Dry Cleaning, Com.				P	P29
Laundry/Dry Cleaning, Neighborhood		P	P	P	P
Laundry/Dry Cleaning, Retail	P	P	P	P	P	P
Laundry – Self-Service		P	P	P	P
Mini-Warehouse				P6
Mailing Service	P	P	P	P	P	P
Personal Loan Business	P	P	P	P	P
Personal Services Businesses	A	P	P	P	P	P
Photo Processing, Copying and Printing Services	P	P	P	P	P	P
Telemarketing Services	P		P	P	P
Video Rental Store		P	P	P	P	P		P
Food Service
Cafeterias	A		A	A	A	A	A
Delicatessen	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Drinking Establishments		P7	P	P	P	P	P	P
Micro-Brewery			P	P	P	P	P	P
Portable Food Vendors26	A27	A27	A27	A27	A27	A27	A27	A28
Restaurants/Drive-Through		S8	P8	P8	S8, 9	S8, 9
Restaurants/Lounge		P7	P	P	P	P	P	P
Restaurants/Sit Down	A	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Restaurants/Take Out		P	P	P	P	P		P
Restaurants with Entertainment/Dancing Facilities		P7	P	P	P	P	P	P
Vehicle-Based Food Service		P30	P30	P30	P30	P30
Wineries – Tasting Room		P7	P	P	P	P	P	P
Industrial/Manufacturing Uses
Laundry and Cleaning Plants				P				P28
Light Manufacturing Uses				P				P28
Warehousing and Distribution Facilities				P				P28
Wholesale Facilities and Operations				P				P28
Wineries – Production				P				P
Office Uses
Financial Institutions	P	P/S22	P	P	P/S22	P
Medical, Dental and Other Clinics	P	P	P	P	P	P
Newspaper Offices and Printing Works			P	P	P
Office – Consulting Services	P	P	P	P	P	P		P28
Office – Corporate	P		P	P	P	P		P28
Office – General	P	P	P	P	P	P		P28
Office – Research and Development	P		P	P	P			P28
Radio and Television Studios			P	P	P
Schools, Commercial	P		P	P	P	P
Schools, Trade			P	P	P			P28
Travel Agencies	P	P	P	P	P	P
Public/Quasi-Public Uses
Churches	P10	P10	P10	P10	P	P10
Clubs or Fraternal Societies	P10	P10	P10	P10	P10	P10
Cultural Institutions	P10	P10	P10		P10	P10		P10
General Park O&M Activities	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Hospitals	P		P	P	P
Passive Open Space Use	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Power Transmission and Irrigation Wasteway Easements and Utility Uses	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11
Public Agency Buildings	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Public Agency Facilities	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11	P11
Public Campgrounds				S			S
Public Parks	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Schools	P12	P12	P12	P12	P12	P12
Schools, Alternative	P13	P13	P13	P13	P13
Special Events Including Concerts, Tournaments and Competitions, Fairs, Festivals and Similar Public Gatherings	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Trail Head Facilities	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Trails for Equestrian, Pedestrian, or Nonmotorized Vehicle Use	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Recreational Uses
Art Galleries			P	P	P	P	P	P
Arcades		P	P	P	P	P	P
Boat Mooring Facilities						P	P
Cinema, Indoor			P	P	P	P	P
Cinema, Drive-In			P	P
Commercial Recreation, Indoor		S7	P	P	P	P	P
Commercial Recreation, Outdoor			P	P		P	P
House Banked Card Rooms				P14	P14	P14	P14
Recreational Vehicle Campgrounds				S15			S15
Recreational Vehicle Parks				S16			S16
Stable, Public				S17
Theater		P7	P	P	P	P	P	P
Residential Uses
Accessory Dwelling Unit		A	A	A	A	A		A
Apartment, Condominium (3 or more units)	P		P18		P	P
Assisted Living Facility	P		P		P18	P
Bed and Breakfast	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Day Care Center	P19	P19	P19	P19	P19	P19
Dormitories, Fraternities, and Sororities	P				P	P
Dwelling, One-Family Attached						P25
Dwelling, Two-Family Detached						P
Dwelling Units for a Resident Watchman or Custodian				A				P28
Emergency Housing	P		P	P	P	P	P	P
Emergency Shelters	P		P	P	P	P	P	P
Family Day Care Home	P19					P19
Houseboats						P	P
Hotels or Motels	P		P	P	P	P	P	P
Nursing or Rest Home	P		P		P18	P
Permanent Supportive Housing	P		P	P	P	P	P	P
Recreational Club	A				A	A
Senior Housing	P				P18	P
Temporary Residence	P20	P20	P20	P20	P20	P20		P
Transitional Housing	P		P	P	P	P	P	P
Retail Uses
Adult Use Establishments				P21
Apparel and Accessory Stores		P	P	P	P	P		P
Auto Parts Supply Store		P	P	P	P
Books, Stationery and Art Supply Stores	A	P	P	P	P	P		P
Building, Hardware, Garden Supply Stores		P	P	P	P
Department Store			P	P	P
Drug Store/Pharmacy	A	P/S22	P	P	P	P
Electronic Equipment Stores		P	P	P	P	P
Food Stores		P	P	P	P	P
Florist		P	P	P	P	P		P
Furniture, Home Furnishings and Appliance Stores		P	P	P	P
Landscaping Material Sales			A	P
Lumberyards				P
Nursery, Plant				P				P
Office Supply Store	A	P	P	P	P	P
Outdoor Sales				P
Parking Lot or Structure	P	P	P	P	A	P		P
Pawn Shop				P
Pet Shop and Pet Supply Stores		P	P	P	P
Retail Hay, Grain and Feed Stores				P
Secondhand Store			P	P	P	P
Specialty Retail Stores		P	P	P	P	P		P
Miscellaneous Uses
Bus Station				P	P
Bus Terminal				P	P
Bus Transfer Station	P		P	P	P		P
Cemetery	P		P	P
Community Festivals and Street Fairs	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Convention Center	P		P	P	P	P	P
Macro-Antennas	P	P	P	P	P	P	P	P
Monopole			S23	P/S23	S23
On-Site Hazardous Waste Treatment and Storage	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
Outdoor Storage		A24	A24	P24
Storage in an Enclosed Building	A	A	A	A	A	A	A	A28

1.    RMC 23.42.280

2.    RMC 23.42.270

3.    RMC 23.42.320

4.    RMC 23.42.330

5.    RMC 23.42.040

6.    RMC 23.42.170

7.    RMC 23.42.053

8.    RMC 23.42.047

9.    RMC 23.42.055

10.    RMC 23.42.050

11.    RMC 23.42.200

12.    RMC 23.42.250

13.    RMC 23.42.260

14.    RMC 23.42.100

15.    RMC 23.42.230

16.    RMC 23.42.220

17.    RMC 23.42.190

18.    Use permitted on upper stories of multistory buildings, if main floor is used for commercial or office uses.

19.    RMC 23.42.080

20.    RMC 23.42.110

21.    RMC 23.42.030

22.    Use permitted, requires special use permit with drive-through window.

23.    Chapter 23.62 RMC

24.    RMC 23.42.180

25.    RMC 23.18.025

26.    See definition, RMC 23.06.780.

27.    RMC 23.42.185

28.    Activities permitted only when directly related to and/or conducted in support of winery operations.

29.    Within the central business district (CBD), existing commercial laundry/dry cleaning uses, established and operating at the time the CBD district was established, are allowed as a permitted use. All use of the land and/or buildings necessary and incidental to that of the commercial laundry/dry cleaning use, and existing at the effective date of the CBD district, may be continued. Commercial laundry/dry cleaning uses not established and operating at the time the CBD district was established are prohibited.

30.    RMC 23.42.325

[Ord. 28-05 § 1.02; Ord. 15-07; Ord. 04-09; Ord. 07-10 § 1.02; amended during 2011 recodification; Ord. 32-11 § 5; Ord. 48-17 § 2; Ord. 07-19 § 6; Ord. 15-21 § 1, 2021; Ord. 2022-19 § 4].

23.22.040 Site requirements and development standards for commercial use districts.

In the following chart, development standards are listed on the vertical axis. Zoning districts are listed on the horizontal axis. The number appearing in the box at the intersection of the column and row represents the dimensional standard that applies to that zoning district.

Standard	C-LB	C-1	C-2	C-3	CBD	WF	CR	CW
Minimum Lot Area	None	None	None	None	None	None	None	None
Maximum Density – Multifamily Dwellings (units:square feet)	1:1,500	N/A	N/A	N/A	None	1:1,000	N/A	N/A
Minimum Lot Width – One-Family Attached Dwellings	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	30 feet	N/A	N/A
Minimum Front Yard Setback14	20 feet	45 feet1	0 feet2	0 feet2	CBD, Parkway, Uptown Districts: 0 feet min. – 20 feet max.3,11,13 Medical District: 0 feet min.	Note 4,5	Note 4	20 feet
Minimum Side Yard Setback	0 feet6	0 feet7	None	None	0 feet6,8	0 feet5,9	0 feet	0 feet6,8
Minimum Rear Yard Setback	0 feet6,8	0 feet7	None	None	0 feet6,8	0 feet5,8,10	0 feet	0 feet6,8
Maximum Building Height14	55 feet	30 feet	80 feet	80 feet	CBD: 110 feet Medical: 140 feet Parkway: 50 feet Uptown: 50 feet	35/55 feet12	35/55 feet12	35 feet
Minimum Dwelling Unit Size (in square feet, excluding porches, decks, balconies and basements)	500 feet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	500 feet	N/A	N/A

1.    Each lot shall have a front yard 45 feet deep or equal to the front yards of existing buildings in the same C-1 district and within the same block.

2.    No setback required if street right-of-way is at least 80 feet in width. Otherwise, a minimum setback of 40 feet from street centerline is required.

3.    Unless a greater setback is required by Chapter 12.11 RMC, Intersection Sight Distance.

4.    Front and Side Street. No building shall be closer than 40 feet to the centerline of a public right-of-way. The setback area shall incorporate pedestrian amenities such as increased sidewalk width, street furniture, landscaped area, public art features, or similar features.

5.    In the case of attached one-family dwelling units, setback requirements shall be as established for attached dwelling units in the medium-density residential small lot (R-2S) zoning district. Refer to RMC 23.18.040.

6.    In any commercial limited business (C-LB), central business (CBD) or in any commercial winery (CW) zoning district that directly abuts a single-family zoning district, the following buffer, setback and building height regulations shall apply to all structures:

a.    Within the commercial limited business (C-LB), the central business district (CBD) and the commercial winery (CW) districts, buildings shall maintain at least a 35-foot setback from any property that is zoned for single-family residential use. Single-family residential zones include R-1-12 – single-family residential 12,000, R-1-10 – single-family residential 10,000, R-2 – medium-density residential, R-2S – medium-density residential small lot, or any residential planned unit development that is comprised of single-family detached dwellings.

b.    Buildings that are within 50 feet of any property that is zoned for single-family residential use in commercial limited business (C-LB) and the commercial winery (CW) districts and buildings that are within 50 feet of any property that is zoned for and currently developed with a single-family residential use in the central business district (CBD) (as defined in footnote (6)(a)) shall not exceed 30 feet in height. Beyond the area 50 feet from any property that is zoned for single-family residential use, building height may be increased at the rate of one foot in building height for each additional one foot of setback from property that is zoned for single-family residential use to the maximum building height allowed in the C-LB, CW and CBD zoning districts, respectively.

c.    A six-foot-high fence that provides a visual screen shall be constructed adjacent to any property line that adjoins property that is zoned for single-family residential use, or currently zoned for and developed with a single-family residential use in the CBD district. Additionally, a 10-foot landscape strip shall be provided adjacent to the fence. This landscape strip may be used to satisfy the landscaping requirements established for the landscaping of parking facilities as identified in RMC 23.54.140.

d.    In the C-LB and CW districts, a 20-foot setback shall be provided for any side yard that adjoins a street.

7.    Side yard and rear yard setbacks are not required except for lots adjoining a residential development, residential district, or a street. Lots adjoining either a residential development or residential district shall maintain a minimum 15-foot setback. Lots adjoining a street shall maintain a minimum 20-foot setback. Required side or rear yards shall be landscaped or covered with a hard surface, or a combination of both. No accessory buildings or structures shall be located in such yards unless otherwise permitted by this title.

8.    No minimum required, except parking shall be set back a minimum of five feet to accommodate required landscape screening as required under RMC 23.54.140.

9.    Side Yard. No minimum, except parking shall be set back a minimum of five feet, and buildings used exclusively for residences shall maintain at least one foot of side yard for each three feet or portion thereof of building height. Side yards adjoining a residential district shall maintain setbacks equivalent to the adjacent residential district.

10.    No minimum, except parking shall be set back a minimum of five feet. Rear yards adjoining a residential district shall maintain setbacks equivalent to the adjacent residential district.

11.    Commercial developments such as community shopping centers or retail centers over 40,000 square feet in size and typically focused around a major tenant, such as a supermarket grocery, department store or discount store, and supported with smaller “ancillary” retail shops and services located in multiple building configurations, are permitted front and street side maximum setback flexibility for the largest building. Maximum setback standards on any other new buildings may be adjusted by the planning commission as part of the alternative design review as set forth in the performance standards and special requirements of RMC 23.22.020(E)(9).

12.    All buildings that are located in both the waterfront (WF) district and that fall within the jurisdictional limits of the Shoreline Management Act shall comply with the height limitations established in the Richland shoreline master program (RMC Title 26). Buildings in the WF district that are not subject to the Richland shoreline master program shall not exceed a height of 35 feet, unless the planning commission authorizes an increase in building height to a maximum height of 55 feet, based upon a review of the structure and a finding that the proposed building is aesthetically pleasing in relation to buildings and other features in the vicinity and that the building is located a sufficient distance from the Columbia River to avoid creating a visual barrier.

13.    Physical additions to existing nonconforming structures are not subject to the maximum front yard setback requirements.

14.    The medical, uptown and parkway districts of the CBD zoning district are established as shown by Plates 23.22.040(1), (2) and (3).

[Ord. 28-05 § 1.02; Ord. 04-09; Ord. 07-10 § 1.03; amended during 2011 recodification; Ord. 32-11 § 6; Ord. 13-21 § 1; Ord. 15-21 § 2, 2021].

23.22.050 Parking standards for commercial use districts.

A. Off-street parking space shall be provided in all commercial zones in compliance with the requirements of Chapter 23.54 RMC.

B. Central Business District Off-Street Parking. All uses have a responsibility to provide parking. The parking responsibility for any new use or change in use shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 23.54 RMC. The maximum number of parking spaces provided on site shall not exceed 125 percent of the minimum required parking as specified in Chapter 23.54 RMC; provided, that any number of parking spaces beyond the established maximum may be approved by the planning commission subject to RMC 23.22.020(E)(9) (Alternative Design).

1. The off-street parking requirement may be reduced as follows:

a. The planning commission may reduce the parking responsibility as provided by RMC 23.54.080, joint use; and/or

b. Within a 600-foot radius of the property, and within the CBD zoning district, a 25 percent credit will be provided for each on-street parking space and/or for each off-street parking space located in a city-owned public parking lot. The allowed combined reduction in required off-street parking shall not exceed 50 percent of the overall off-street parking requirement (including any reductions contained in RMC 23.54.080). Example: one off-street space will be credited if four on-street spaces are located within 600 feet of the property. Parking space dimensions are found in RMC 23.54.120. Only those streets designated for on-street parking shall be considered for the credit. Curb cuts, driveways, hydrant frontages, and similar restricted parking areas shall be excluded from the calculation.

2. Any parking lot that has frontage on a public street or accessway shall be screened with a combination of trees planted at no less than 30 feet on center and shrubs planted to form a uniform hedge within five years. A masonry wall not lower than 18 inches and not higher than 36 inches may be substituted for the shrubs. The landscaping and masonry wall, if used, shall be at no greater setback than the maximum setback for a front or street side (RMC 23.22.040). Masonry walls are subject to the performance standards found in RMC 23.22.020(E), and must be granted approval by the public works director for compliance with vision clearance requirements for traffic safety before installation. [Ord. 28-05 § 1.02; Ord. 04-09; Ord. 07-10 § 1.02; amended during 2011 recodification].