Chapter 4.25 DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

The purpose of this chapter is to recognize domestic violence and family violence as serious crimes against society, the Tribes, and the family, and to provide the victim of domestic violence or family violence the maximum protection from further violence that the law, and those who enforce the law, can provide. Furthermore, the purpose of this chapter is to recognize that the strength of the Tribes is founded on healthy families, and that the safety of victims of domestic and family violence, especially children, must be ensured by immediate intervention of law enforcement, prosecution, education, treatment, and other appropriate services.

It is the intent of the Tulalip Tribes that the official response of domestic violence and family violence shall stress the enforcement of the laws to protect the victim and to hold the perpetrator accountable, which will in turn communicate the Tribes’ policy that violent behavior against intimate partners or family members is criminal behavior and will not be excused or tolerated. This in turn will promote healing of families and the Tribes where possible, and promote cultural teachings and traditional Tribal values so as to nurture nonviolence and respect within families. This chapter shall be interpreted and applied to give it the broadest possible scope to carry out these purposes. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.1, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365)].

4.25.020 Legislative findings.

It is the intent of the Tulalip Board of Directors and the Tribal community that the official response to domestic violence and family violence shall be that the Tribes will not tolerate or excuse violent behavior under any circumstances. All people, whether they are elders, male, female, or children of our Tribes, or of the entire community residing on the Tulalip Reservation, are to be cherished and treated with respect.

Domestic violence and family violence are not acceptable and are contrary to traditional Tulalip Tribal culture and values of honoring the family, and are contrary to the interest of our community and sense of well-being and growth. Domestic violence and family violence will not be tolerated.

The Tribes finds that domestic violence and family violence imperil the very subsistence of the Tribal community and the residents of the Reservation. The Tribes recognizes the Department of Justice findings that one in three Native women is sexually assaulted in her lifetime and that 70 percent of reported assaults are committed by non-Native men against Native women. A community response to domestic and family violence is necessary because domestic and family violence crimes and incidents impact the community as a whole. These crimes redirect Tribal resources – whether personnel, financial, public safety or other resources – elsewhere and require an immediate response. As a result of this impact on Tribal resources, the Tribes deems it necessary to address domestic violence and family violence to the fullest extent permitted by laws existing now or as may be adopted or amended in the future.

The Tribes further recognizes that there is a distinction between intimate partner domestic violence and family member violence. Domestic violence involves an intimate partner relationship and dynamics of power and control are overwhelmingly present in the action. Family violence is committed against all other family or household members. Both are reprehensible actions that require specialized recognition and enhanced provisions than what might be otherwise available to victims of crimes, or remedies available in civil actions. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.030 General jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction over domestic and family violence matters shall be in accordance with TTC Title 2. In addition:

(1) The Tulalip Tribal Court shall retain jurisdiction over any violations of orders of protection entered pursuant to this chapter which are alleged to have occurred outside of the boundaries of the Tulalip Indian Reservation.

(2) Protection Orders.

(a) Subject Matter Jurisdiction. The Tulalip Tribal Court explicitly exercises jurisdiction over petitions for orders of protection filed by the following individuals in the Tulalip Tribal Court, regardless of where the incident(s) supporting the protection order occur:

(i) Any tribal member or person eligible for enrollment in the Tulalip Tribes;

(ii) Persons living within the boundaries of the Tulalip Indian Reservation;

(iii) Persons sheltered on the Reservation, fleeing violence; and

(iv) Any person, if any alleged basis for the protection order arose while either the petitioner or respondent was anywhere within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tulalip Tribes.

(b) Personal Jurisdiction Over Nonresidents.

(i) In a proceeding in which a petition for a protection order under this chapter is sought, the Court may exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident individual if:

(A) The individual is personally served with a petition within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tulalip Tribes;

(B) The individual submits to the jurisdiction of the Tribes by consent, entering a general appearance, or filing a responsive document having the effect of waiving any objection to consent to personal jurisdiction;

(C) The act or acts of the individual or the individual’s agent giving rise to the petition or enforcement of a protection order occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tribes;

(D) 1. The act or acts of the individual or the individual’s agent giving rise to the petition or enforcement of a protection order occurred outside the Reservation and are part of an ongoing pattern that has an adverse effect on the petitioner or a member of the petitioner’s family or household and the petitioner resides within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tribes; or

2. As a result of the acts giving rise to the petition or enforcement of a protection order, the petitioner or a member of the petitioner’s family or household has sought safety or protection within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tribes, and currently resides within the Tribes’ territorial jurisdiction; or

(E) There is any other basis consistent with TTC 2.05.020, or with the Constitution of the Tulalip Tribes, or the Indian Civil Rights Act.

(ii) For jurisdiction to be exercised under subsection (2)(b)(i)(D) of this section, the individual must have communicated with the petitioner or a member of the petitioner’s family, directly or indirectly, or made known a threat to the safety of the petitioner or member of the petitioner’s family, while the petitioner or member of the petitioner’s family resides within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tulalip Tribes.

(iii) For the purposes of this section:

(A) “Communicated” or “made known” includes the following means: in person, through publication, by mail, telephonically, through an electronic communication site or medium, by text, or through other social media. Communication on any electronic medium that is generally available is sufficient to exercise jurisdiction under subsection (2)(b)(i)(D) of this section.

(B) An act or acts that “occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the Tribes” include an oral or written statement made or published by a person outside of Tribes’ jurisdiction to any person in the Tribes’ jurisdiction by means included in subsection (2)(a) of this section, or by means of interstate commerce or foreign commerce.

(iv) For the purposes of this section, the Tribes’ territorial jurisdiction includes the Reservation and all lands and waters outside the Reservation included in TTC 2.05.020. [Res. 2024-107 (Att. 1); Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.2, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.020].

4.25.040 Reserved.

[Res. 2022-400; Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.050 Reserved.

[Res. 2022-400; Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.060 Statute of limitations.

For purposes of this chapter, the statute of limitations shall be consistent and follow TTC 3.05.080 or any successor code. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.070 Nonwaiver of sovereign immunity.

Nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to constitute a waiver by the Tulalip Tribes of its sovereign immunity for any reason whatsoever. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.3, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.030].

4.25.080 Severability.

If any part, or parts, or the application of any part of this chapter is held invalid, such holding shall not affect the validity of the remaining parts of this chapter. The Tulalip Tribes Board of Directors hereby declares that it would have passed the remaining parts of this chapter even if it had known that such part or parts or application of any part thereof would be declared invalid. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.4, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.040].

4.25.090 Savings.

The repeal, revision, amendment, or consolidation of any ordinance or part of an ordinance or section or part of a section of any ordinance by this act shall not have the effect to release, extinguish, alter, modify, or change in whole or in part any penalty, forfeiture, or liability, either civil or criminal, which shall have been incurred under such ordinance, unless this act so expressly provides; and such ordinance or part of an ordinance or section or part of a section of an ordinance so repealed, amended, or revised shall be treated and held as still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any and all proper actions, suits, proceedings, and prosecutions, criminal as well as civil, for the enforcement of such penalty, forfeiture, or liability, as well as for the purpose of sustaining any judgment, decree, or order which can or may be rendered, entered, or made in such actions, suits, proceedings, or prosecutions imposing, inflicting, or declaring such penalty, forfeiture, or liability. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2017-327; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.100 Definitions.

As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings given below:

(1) “Abuse” means the intentional infliction of physical harm, bodily injury or sexual assault or the infliction of the fear of imminent physical harm, and includes but is not limited to assault and battery as defined in the Tulalip Tribal Code.

(2) “Advocate” means a person who is employed to provide services to victims of domestic violence and/or sexual assault or who volunteers to do so after receiving training in the area, and is bound by confidentiality policies.

(3) “Anger management” means a program based on psychological therapeutic techniques and exercises by which someone with excessive or uncontrollable anger can control or reduce the triggers, degrees, and effects of an angered emotional state. Anger management is not appropriate or approved for domestic violence perpetrators. Anger management may, however, be utilized for family violence perpetrators, provided they receive an intake evaluation assessment from a qualified Tribal or State certified domestic violence professional.

(4) “Alarm” means to cause apprehension or fear resulting from the reasonable perception of danger.

(5) “Coercion” means to restrain, compel or dominate by force or threat.

(6) “Contact” includes but is not limited to:

(a) Repeatedly coming into and/or remaining in the visual or physical presence of the other person;

(b) Following the other person;

(d) Sending or making written communications in any form, including text messaging, IM, and social media, to the other person;

(e) Speaking with the other person by any means, including leaving a voicemail message;

(f) Communicating with the other person through a third person;

(g) Committing a crime against the other person;

(h) Communicating with a third person who has some relationship to the other person with the intent of impacting the third person’s relationship with that other person;

(i) Communicating with business entities with the intent of affecting some right or interest of the other person;

(j) Damaging the other person’s home, property, place of work or school; or

(k) Delivering directly or through a third person any object to the home, property, place of work or school of the other person.

(7) “Court” means the Tulalip Tribal Court.

(8) “Course of conduct” means a pattern of conduct composed of a series of acts over a period of time, however short, evidencing a continuity of purpose.

(9) “Dating relationship” means a social relationship of a romantic nature. In determining whether parties have a “dating relationship,” the trier of fact shall consider:

(a) The length of time the relationship has existed;

(b) The nature of the relationship; and

(10) “Dating violence” means a crime committed by a person who is or has been in a social relationship of a romantic or intimate nature with the victim as determined by the length of the relationship, the type of relationship, and the frequency of interaction between the persons involved in the relationship.

(11) “Domestic violence” means a crime committed by a current or former spouse or intimate partner of the victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as a spouse or intimate partner, or by a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic violence laws of the Tulalip Tribes.

Domestic violence can take many forms such as but not limited to use of intimidation, contact as defined within this chapter, manipulation, isolation, coercion, fear and/or violence, as well as other tactics of power and control to establish and maintain a relationship of dominance over an intimate partner, but does not include acts of self-defense. The following are examples of what form the domestic violence action may take, but are not an exhaustive list, merely illustrative:

(a) Attempting to commit or committing any criminal offense as defined by TTC Title 3 against an intimate partner;

(b) Physically harming, attempting to physically harm, or placing an intimate partner in reasonable fear of physical harm to himself or herself. Reasonable fear may be produced by behavior which induces fear in the victim, including, but not limited to, harassment, stalking, destruction of property, or physical harm or threat of harm to household pets;

(c) Emotional or mental abuse of the intimate partner, including physical or mental intimidation, controlling activities, or using demeaning language;

(d) Economic abuse of an intimate partner;

(e) Causing an intimate partner to engage involuntarily in sexual activity; or

(f) Preventing the victim from accessing services.

(12) “Electronic communications” means any form of expression or exchange of information by speech, photographs or written form using electronic means. Electronic communication includes, but is not limited to, communication via telephone, facsimile, electronic mail, social media and other electronic forms.

(13) “Electronic surveillance” means monitoring the behavior, activities, or whereabouts by electronic means.

(14) “Emotional distress,” for the purpose of this chapter, means a reaction such as anguish, grief, fright, humiliation, or fury.

(15) “Elder” means a person 62 or more years old.

(16) “Essential personal effects” means those items necessary for a person’s health, welfare and livelihood, including but not limited to clothing, cribs, bedding, family heirlooms, medications, money, personal documents, personal hygiene items, tools of the trade, vehicles, jewelry, regalia or any cultural or ceremonial items, and pets.

(17) “Ex parte” in this chapter means that only the requesting party is heard by the Court, and that notice and an opportunity to contest the facts are not available to the party adversely affected by the Court’s action.

(18) “Family or household member” means:

(a) Persons who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption.

(b) Minor children, by blood, marriage, or adoption.

(d) Persons who reside or have resided together in the past who are not or have not been intimate partners.

(19) “Family violence” means the same or similar acts committed in domestic violence, but directed towards a family or household member instead of an intimate partner. The dynamics of power and control may not be present.

(20) “Foreign protection order” means an injunction or other order related to domestic violence or family violence, harassment, sexual abuse, or stalking, for the purpose of preventing violent or threatening acts or harassment against, or contact or communication with, or physical proximity to another person, issued by a court of another state, territory, or possession of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia, or any United States military tribunal, or a Tribal Court, in a civil or criminal action.

(21) “Indian Country” means the definition given in 18 U.S.C. 1151.

(22) “Immediate family” means a spouse, parent, child, sibling, live-in partner, or any other person who regularly resides in the household or who in the past regularly resided in the household.

(23) “Intimate partner” means:

(a) Spouses;

(b) Former spouses;

(d) Persons who have a child in common, regardless of whether they have been married or have lived together at any time in a romantic relationship; or

(e) Persons who are dating or have dated in the past.

(24) “Legacy of Healing” means the Tribal program primarily responsible for assisting victims of domestic and dating violence, sexual assault and stalking.

(25) “Mandatory arrest” means that a Police Officer shall arrest if there is probable cause to believe the person to be arrested has committed an offense as defined by this chapter even though the arrest may be against the expressed wishes of the victim.

(26) “Minor” or “juvenile” means any person under the age of 18 years of age.

(27) “No contact order” means a Court order issued pursuant to a criminal case that prohibits a criminal defendant from having contact with the victim.

(28) “Protection order” means a temporary or permanent Court order, injunction or other order related to domestic violence or family violence, harassment, sexual abuse, or stalking, granted for the purpose of preventing violent or threatening acts or harassment against, or contact or communication with, or physical proximity to another person, who is a victim or alleged victim of domestic violence or family violence, dating violence, sexual assault or stalking; and

Includes any temporary or final order issued by a civil or criminal court, whether obtained by filing an independent action or as a pendente lite order in another proceeding, if the civil or criminal order was issued in response to a complaint, petition, or motion filed by or on behalf of a person seeking protection.

(29) “Perpetrator” means the person who has committed an act of domestic violence or family violence. The perpetrator may also be referred to as a “defendant” in a criminal case or “respondent” in a civil case.

(30) “Police Officer” means any person employed or commissioned as a police or law enforcement officer by the Tulalip Tribes, Snohomish County, other State of Washington or any agency of the Federal government or any law enforcement agency having jurisdiction within the Tulalip Indian Reservation, including non-Tribally deputized officers who may make arrests on the Reservation.

(31) “Probable cause” for arrest means that the Police Officer, acting as a person of reasonable caution, has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed an offense as defined by this chapter, based on all the facts known to the officer, including the officer’s personal observations, statements made by parties involved in the incident, statements made by witnesses, if any, and any other reliable information.

(32) “Repeated” means two or more times.

(33) “Safe house” means a safe home/safe house that provides temporary refuge and other services on a 24-hour, seven-days-per-week basis, to victims of domestic violence and their children.

(34) “School” means a public or private institution of learning or a child care facility.

(35) “Tribal or State certified domestic violence perpetrator treatment program” means a State or Tribally certified program for abusers in which they are held accountable for their abusive actions and/or controlling behavior and in which their belief systems are sought to be changed that adopts at a minimum the State standards of Chapter 388-60 WAC or any successor code. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2010-398; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 §§ 1.5, 1.29.C, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.050, 4.25.310].

4.25.110 Reporting domestic and family violence.

The following persons are obligated to report suspected domestic violence or family violence if they believe it is occurring, or is about to occur and they believe the victim is in imminent risk of harm: any physician, physician’s assistant, psychologist, psychiatrist, mental health counselor, nurse, nurse’s aide, nurse practitioner, midwife, dentist, dental assistant, hygienist, optometrist, or any medical or mental health professional; school principal, school teacher, or other school official; social worker; child day care center worker, or other child care staff including foster parents, residential care or institutional personnel; peace officer or other law enforcement official; and judge, attorney if not prevented by the attorney client privilege, probation staff, Clerk of the Court, or other judicial system official. The suspected domestic violence or family violence shall be reported immediately by telephone or otherwise to the Tulalip Police Department. The reporter may initially be logged in as anonymous.

Any person subject to mandatory reporting who fails, neglects, or refuses to report acts of domestic violence known to him/her, after notice and hearing, will be assessed a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $500.00. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.19, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.190].

4.25.120 Immunity from liability.

The following persons have immunity from liability in a civil action brought by a party for any action or omission in good faith under this chapter arising from alleged domestic violence or family violence or a crime involving domestic violence or family violence:

(1) Law enforcement officers;

(2) Victim advocates;

(3) beda?chelh, Legacy of Healing, Tulalip Child Support or Behavioral Health staff;

(4) Mandatory reporters; or

(5) Members who are part of a team established by the Legacy of Healing program with the Board of Directors’ consent, for the purpose of protecting persons from domestic violence or family violence. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

Article II. Power and Duties of Law Enforcement

4.25.130 Law enforcement duties to victims.

A law enforcement officer who responds to an allegation of domestic violence or family violence shall use all reasonable means to protect the victim and any family or household member, and prevent further violence, including, but not limited to:

(1) Taking necessary actions to provide for the safety of the victim and any family or household members or witnesses, including arresting the alleged perpetrator or dominant aggressor;

(2) Transporting or obtaining transportation for the victim and any child(ren) to a domestic violence safe house or other place of safety within the Tribes’ service area at the victim’s request;

(3) Assisting the victim in removing essential personal effects, at the victim’s request;

(4) Assisting the victim and any child(ren) in obtaining medical treatment, including obtaining transportation to a medical facility;

(5) Calling the Legacy of Healing contact number so that an advocate can provide immediate support to the victim;

(6) Giving the victim immediate and adequate written notice of the rights of victims and of the remedies available as well as the name, address, and telephone number of local services available to victims, family or household members or witnesses of domestic violence or family violence;

(7) When a law enforcement officer responds to a domestic violence call, the officer shall advise victims of all reasonable means to prevent further abuse, including advising each person of the availability of a shelter or other services in the Tribes’ service area, and giving each person immediate notice of the legal rights and remedies available;

(8) Confiscating any weapon as provided within this chapter; and/or

(9) Providing assistance in obtaining a temporary protection order or emergency no contact order. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2014-116; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.140 Duty to preserve evidence.

(1) The purpose of this section is to assist in the prosecution of perpetrators of crimes involving domestic violence and family violence and to recognize that victims of crimes involving domestic violence or family violence are often reluctant to cooperate or testify at subsequent hearings for many reasons, including but not limited to economic, emotional and psychological factors.

(2) All law enforcement officers who respond to an allegation of a crime involving domestic violence or family violence shall take reasonable steps to collect sufficient evidence to enable the Prosecutor to secure a conviction of the perpetrator without the testimony of any victim. Reasonable steps include:

(a) Photographing injuries to any victim, any damage to property and the location and surroundings of the alleged incident;

(b) Describing both the physical and emotional condition of the victim in detail;

(d) Identifying all persons present at the location at the time of the incident, including children, whether or not they witnessed the incident;

(e) Recording any oral comments;

(f) Gathering a history of the relationship and its duration;

(g) Describing the scene of the alleged crime on first contact and other physical evidence; and

(h) Gathering statements and interviewing responding medical personnel or following up with medical personnel if the victim is transported to a facility for medical treatment.

(3) A law enforcement officer who responds to an allegation of domestic violence or family violence shall encourage any victim to make an oral and written statement concerning the incident and shall take one from any perpetrator, if possible.

(4) A law enforcement officer who responds to an allegation of a crime involving domestic violence or family violence shall ensure that the victim is made aware of the importance of preserving evidence of the incident. In addition, the law enforcement officer shall preserve a chronology of events in written form.

(5) If a child is present in the household, the officer shall note their presence. In order to preserve evidence and not taint testimony or induce additional trauma, an interview of a child shall be conducted by someone trained and qualified to interview children. However, if the child makes spontaneous statements, the officer shall note these within his or her report. If a child is present in the household, the officer shall make any reports, as required by Chapter 4.05 TTC, to beda?chelh or another appropriate Tribal or other governmental agency responsible for investigating allegations of abuse or neglect. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.150 Mandatory arrest.

(1) The purpose of mandating arrest of perpetrators is to provide victims with immediate protection from the current violence, to afford them an opportunity to consider legal options, to provide victims with time to safely relocate or obtain a protection order, and to ensure an adequate and prompt law enforcement response to domestic violence or family violence. The person shall be held in custody without bail pending further action by the Court.

(2) A law enforcement officer shall, without a warrant, arrest a person and charge him or her for the appropriate crime if the officer has probable cause to believe that the person has committed a crime of domestic violence or family violence within four hours of the time when the victim first has the ability to report the incident. The officer must make an arrest upon probable cause regardless of the express wishes of the victim, but those wishes should be noted in the report.

Nothing in this subsection prohibits an officer from arresting and booking a person upon probable cause to believe that a person has committed a crime involving domestic violence or family violence when more than four hours have passed.

(3) If a law enforcement officer receives a complaint alleging a crime involving domestic violence or family violence from two or more persons, the officer shall evaluate each person’s account separately to determine who was more likely to have been the predominant physical aggressor. In determining whether a person was the predominant physical aggressor, the officer must consider the following as well as any other relevant factors:

(a) Prior complaints of domestic violence or family violence;

(b) The relative severity of the injuries inflicted on each person;

(d) Whether one of the persons acted in self-defense.

(4) If a law enforcement officer determines that one person was the predominant physical aggressor, the officer need not arrest the other person, even if the officer has probable cause to believe that the other person has committed a crime involving domestic violence or family violence against the predominant physical aggressor.

(5) A law enforcement officer who does not make an arrest, or who arrests two or more persons after investigating an alleged crime involving domestic violence or family violence, must include in the police report a detailed explanation why the officer did not make an arrest or arrested two or more parties.

(6) Persons arrested shall be held pending first appearance without bail.

(7) Whenever a Police Officer investigates an allegation of domestic violence or family violence, whether or not an arrest is made, the officer shall make a detailed written report of the alleged abuse and submit that report to the Tulalip Tribes Prosecutor’s office within 48 hours.

(8) A Police Officer shall not threaten, suggest, or otherwise indicate the possible arrest of all parties to discourage requests of intervention by law enforcement by any party. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.8, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.080].

4.25.160 Emergency criminal no contact order.

A Police Officer shall have the authority to request from the on-call Judicial Officer an emergency criminal no contact order prohibiting contact with the victim, including third party contact, on a form approved by the Court, if the officer has probable cause to believe that a crime involving domestic violence or family violence has occurred. One of the following methods shall be used:

(1) The officer shall call the on-call Judicial Officer from jail at time of booking and provide the Judicial Officer with enough information for a finding of probable cause. The officer shall then sign the order on the Judge’s behalf and serve it on the defendant.

(2) The officer shall call the Judicial Officer from the scene once arrest has been made and follow the same procedure as above, providing the victim with copy of the order at the scene if possible.

(3) The order shall be effective until the first Court appearance or as vacated or amended by Court order.

(4) Upon issuance of such an order, the officer shall serve a copy on the perpetrator and file the order with the Court by noon on the next judicial day. The officer shall provide a copy of the order to the victim and assist the victim in securing any essential personal effects. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.170 Violations of conditions of release.

If a Police Officer has probable cause to believe that a person has violated a condition of release from arrest or judgment in a domestic violence or family violence case, the officer shall, without a warrant, arrest the alleged violator. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.180 Duty to expedite service of protection orders.

The Tulalip Tribal Police shall serve orders of protection on an expedited basis and shall attempt to complete service within 48 hours and provide a declaration of service to the Court by the next judicial day. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.190 Authority to seize and hold weapons.

(1) Incident to arrest for a crime involving domestic violence or family violence, Tulalip Tribal Police shall seize all weapons that are alleged to have been involved or were threatened to be used in the commission of the crime.

(2) The Tulalip Tribal Police may also seize weapons that are in plain view of the officer or that are discovered pursuant to a consensual search, an officer safety pat-down or a search incident to arrest as necessary for the protection of the officer or other persons.

(3) Tulalip Tribal Police are authorized to confiscate weapons from a person who is prohibited from possessing or using them. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.200 Mandatory arrest for violations of civil protection orders or criminal no contact orders.

When a law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that a person has violated one of the following Court orders, the officer shall, without a warrant, arrest the alleged violator. This section applies to all violations of any protection order or no contact order whether civil or criminal. Arrest shall be mandatory where the violation is of one of the following, regardless of whether the issuing authority is the Tulalip Tribal Court or another court:

(1) A criminal no contact order;

(2) A civil domestic violence protection order;

(3) A sexual assault protection order;

(4) A civil protection order issued in the context of a family law action;

(5) A vulnerable adult protection order;

(6) A youth in need of care protection order; or

(7) A foreign protection order.

The defendant shall be held without bail pending the first hearing at which time bail and conditions of release shall be established. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.18, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.180].

4.25.210 Law enforcement records on domestic violence or family violence to be identifiable.

The Tulalip Tribal Police Department shall maintain written records of arrests, incident reports, and initial contacts in such a manner as to allow tracking and identification of them as related to domestic violence or family violence.

The Tulalip Police Department is not required to provide records of police contacts alleging incidents of domestic violence, family violence, or stalking to the alleged perpetrator. Records may be obtained by Court order after notice to the Prosecutor and a hearing. In ordering disclosure, the Court may order that the victim identification and location be redacted, and may make other orders as necessary to protect the confidentiality of victim and/or witness information. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.220 Liability of law enforcement officers.

A law enforcement officer or his or her legal adviser shall not be held liable in any civil action for an arrest based on probable cause, enforcement in good faith of any Court order, or any other action or omission made in good faith under this chapter arising from an incident of alleged domestic violence or family violence or violations of one of the named criminal or civil protection orders identified within this chapter. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.230 Officials who batter.

No special treatment by policy makers or law enforcement officials shall be given to any person because of their official capacity as a law enforcement officer, public official, or because of their connections to or influence over policy makers, public officials, law enforcement officers or the community. All procedures and duties set out in this chapter and internal policy Chapter 24 of the Tulalip Tribal Police Department in its current form, or as subsequently modified, shall be strictly adhered to, regardless of any administrative, interagency, or departmental investigation and/or sanctions. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

Article III. Court Requirements

4.25.240 Confidentiality.

(1) The Court shall establish a method for identifying civil and criminal cases that arise from an allegation of domestic violence or family violence or a crime of domestic violence or family violence. These files shall be treated as other confidential files subject to limited release.

(2) Civil Court proceedings arising from a petition for a domestic violence or family violence order are closed to the general public. The Court may designate appropriate persons who may attend the proceeding.

(3) Court records arising from a civil petition for a domestic violence or family violence order are confidential. Documents and other information contained in the file may be released to the petitioner, law enforcement officers, judicial officers, Tribal Prosecutor or Reservation Attorney, victim advocates, child protection workers, and elder protection workers. The records may be released, except for the address and location of the protected person, to the respondent. The records may also be released to other persons upon order of the Court for good cause shown.

(4) At all stages of a criminal proceeding under this chapter, the Court shall take steps necessary to ensure that a victim’s address or location is kept confidential from members of the public, except that the address or location may be revealed, with the victim’s consent, to the attorneys for the parties to the case. Defense counsel may not reveal to his or her client the address or location of the victim without authorization of the Court. The Court may order release of the information to other persons upon good cause shown.

(5) Upon Court approval, a petitioner in a civil matter or a victim of domestic violence in a criminal matter may use the Legacy of Healing program address as his or her address for service of process and other purposes. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.250 Pre-trial and release conditions.

(1) Any person arrested for a crime involving domestic violence, family violence, or violation of a protection order or no contact order shall be held in custody without bail pending the person’s first appearance before the Court, at which time bail and conditions of release shall be established.

Thereafter the Court shall consider the following factors when setting bail:

(a) The person has been charged with a crime of violence and (i) the person has been recently convicted of another crime of violence, or (ii) the person has committed this offense while on probation or other release for another crime of violence;

(b) The person has been charged with obstructing justice by having threatened, injured, or intimidated a judge, witness, or juror, or has attempted such threat, injury or intimidation;

(c) There is strong likelihood of flight to escape trial. This requires a documented history of such flight, or evidence or circumstances indicating that such flight is potential; or

(d) The person represents a danger to the community. This requires a pattern of behavior evidenced by past and present conduct and no conditions for release are available which would reasonably assure the safety of the community.

(2) No Contact Order. Because of the likelihood of repeated violence directed at those who have been victims of domestic violence or family violence, when any person is arrested for or charged with a crime of domestic violence or family violence, the Court may issue a no contact order prohibiting the defendant from having any contact with the victim. Such an order shall be entered at the first opportunity with no additional hearing required.

(a) The protected party in a no contact order shall be provided with a certified copy of the order.

(b) In issuing a no contact order, the Court shall consider whether the firearms prohibition provisions of this chapter apply.

(3) Other Considerations.

(a) No Ex Parte Bench Warrant Quash. A warrant issued in a domestic violence or family violence crime cannot be quashed without notice to the Prosecutor and a hearing.

(b) Bail. Bail set in a domestic violence or family violence case requires cash only. A bond is not available unless approved by the Court and after input from the Prosecutor.

(c) The use of GPS monitoring may be required pre- or post-trial at the recommendation of the Prosecutor or Probation Officer and at the defendant’s expense.

(d) Other Conditions. The Court may order any other lawful relief as it deems necessary for the protection of any claimed or potential victim of domestic violence or family violence, including orders or directives to the Tulalip Police Department. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.260 Special Court rules for domestic violence or family violence crimes.

In addition to the rules of court generally applicable to criminal proceedings, the Court is authorized to take the following actions in proceedings of alleged domestic violence or family violence:

(1) If the alleged perpetrator pleads or is found guilty, the Court, in its discretion, may order the Tulalip Probation Department to prepare a pre-sentence report prior to sentencing.

(2) If it appears to the Court that alcohol or drugs played a part in the crime, a chemical dependency evaluation with a treatment plan may be ordered prior to sentencing at the discretion of the Court.

(3) Upon a guilty plea, conviction, or other disposition, the Court may issue a no contact order prohibiting the defendant from having any contact with the victim irrespective of whether the victim consents.

(4) Upon a guilty plea, conviction, or other disposition, the perpetrator shall be ordered to participate in a State or Tribal certified domestic violence perpetrator treatment program, or a program approved by the Court that consists of at least the following:

(a) The perpetrator shall attend and cooperate in an intake session for a domestic violence perpetrator’s treatment program.

(b) The intake shall be completed by the perpetrator treatment program not later than 10 calendar days after entry of the order requiring treatment, unless the Court extends that time period for good cause shown.

(d) In the discretion of the Court, the perpetrator’s participation in treatment sessions based on the domestic violence program’s treatment plan may be in lieu of confinement and/or fine, or the execution of any such penalty may be suspended pending completion of the treatment ordered by the Court. However, once this service is ordered it must be completed prior to dismissal unless probation is revoked.

(e) The domestic violence program or other services provider shall submit written progress reports to the Court at least every six calendar weeks. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.10, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.100].

4.25.270 Judgments and convictions.

When entering a judgment upon conviction for a crime involving domestic violence, family violence, or stalking, the Court shall:

(1) Consider the entry of orders for the protection of the victim, including those set out within this chapter;

(2) Order restitution as warranted; and

(3) Order appropriate domestic violence perpetrator’s treatment.

(a) For the purposes of this section, a domestic violence perpetrators’ treatment intake assessment should include the following considerations: an official copy of current and past criminal history; all violence history whether or not it resulted in a conviction; family and cultural issues; substance abuse issues; and a treatment plan that adequately and appropriately addresses the treatment needs of the individual. The intake may not be based solely on the defendant’s self-report and the evaluator must make reasonable efforts to contact the victim. The defendant must sign privacy releases for the evaluator to obtain any confidential information that is necessary to the evaluation.

(b) Satisfactory completion of domestic violence treatment required under this section must be based on meeting treatment goals, not merely the completion of a certain period of time or certain number of sessions. The treatment must focus on ending the violence and holding the defendant accountable for his or her behavior. The treatment must include education about the individual, family, and cultural dynamics of domestic violence. Treatment must include education about the effects of domestic violence on children. The defendant must sign privacy releases for the treatment provider to obtain any confidential information that is necessary to the treatment. The defendant must also sign a release for the treatment provider to provide information to the Prosecutor or probation office in order to monitor compliance with the Court order.

(4) In the Court’s discretion, order any other lawful relief as it deems necessary for the protection of any claimed, alleged or potential victim of domestic violence or family violence, including orders or directives to the Tulalip Police Department. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.280 Additional conditions for crimes involving domestic violence or family violence.

(1) Upon conviction of a crime of domestic violence, the perpetrator shall be required to complete a State or Tribal certified domestic violence perpetrator’s treatment program, or one approved by the Court.

(2) Upon conviction of a crime involving family violence, the Court may order a perpetrator to complete a perpetrator’s intake assessment to determine whether treatment is appropriate and follow all recommendations.

(3) Within the Court’s discretion, the defendant may be trespassed from the Tulalip Indian Reservation for the duration of probation.

(4) Within the Court’s discretion, the Court may order publication of the perpetrator’s name and photograph in the Tulalip Tribes See-Yaht-Sub newspaper described as a domestic violence or family violence perpetrator.

(5) Within the Court’s discretion, it may order any combination of such confinement, trespass, publication, and fine.

(6) In any domestic violence or family violence case, the Court may reduce any restitution and costs to a judgment and send it to collections. Attorney fees and costs of collections shall be added onto the judgment. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.290 Factors to consider in sentencing.

(1) In sentencing for a crime of domestic violence, family violence, or stalking as defined in this chapter, the Court shall consider, among other factors, whether:

(a) The firearms prohibition provisions of this chapter apply;

(b) The defendant suffered a continuing pattern of coercion, control, or abuse by the victim of the offense and the offense is a response to that coercion, control, or abuse;

(c) The offense was part of an ongoing pattern of psychological, physical, or sexual abuse of a victim or multiple victims manifested by multiple incidents over a prolonged period of time; and whether

(d) The offense occurred within sight or sound of the victim’s or the offender’s minor children.

(2) In sentencing for the crime of domestic violence or family violence as defined in this chapter, the Prosecutor shall provide for the Court’s review:

(a) The defendant’s criminal history, if any, that occurred under the law of the Tulalip Tribes, any state, Federal, territory, possession, tribe or United States military tribunal.

(b) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a) of this section, criminal history includes all previous convictions and orders of deferred prosecution and stipulated orders of continuance (SOC), as otherwise available to the Court or Prosecutor, before the date of sentencing. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.300 Witness testimony.

(1) Upon the request of a Prosecutor or the defense, the Court may issue a material witness warrant compelling a witness to appear before the Court. In making the request, the party must certify that:

(a) The witness is material to the party’s case;

(b) The witness has failed or refused to appear before the Court; and

(2) The Tulalip Tribes declares that protection of domestic violence and family violence victim-witnesses is a substantial and compelling interest of the Tulalip Tribes. When abuse is prosecuted, a domestic violence or a family violence victim-witness may suffer serious emotional and mental trauma from exposure to the abuser or from testifying in open court. The creation of procedural devices designed to enhance the truth-seeking process and to shield domestic violence or family violence victim-witnesses from the trauma of exposure to the abuser and the courtroom is a compelling Tribal interest.

(3) Prior Statement. A prior written or oral statement is admissible as substantive evidence at trial if the victim appears and testifies inconsistently with the statement. In determining the admissibility of the statement, the Court shall consider whether the statement was made subject to the following provisions:

(a) The witness voluntarily made the statement;

(b) When the statement was made, there were minimal guaranties of truthfulness, such as a sworn declaration, certified statement, or affidavit signed before a notary. A written statement should include the following:

I have read the attached statement or it has been read to me and I know the contents of the statement. I understand that my written statement is made under penalty of perjury by signing below,

which should be followed by a signature and date;

(d) The witness whose statement is being offered is subject to cross-examination when giving the subsequent statement. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

Article IV. Criminal Actions and Remedies

4.25.310 Domestic violence or family violence sentencing designation.

This section provides for the designation of a crime as domestic violence (DV) or family violence (FV), which gives notice that the Tribes may seek additional conditions at sentencing. Any crime as defined by TTC Title 3 or within this chapter is considered domestic violence if committed against a current or former intimate partner, or family violence if against a family or household member, and is subject to the provisions of this chapter.

The designation of domestic violence or family violence should not be removed as part of a plea bargain. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.6, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365)].

4.25.320 Interfering with the reporting of domestic violence or family violence.

Any person who prevents or attempts to prevent a victim or witness of domestic violence or family violence from calling 911 or the Tulalip Tribal Police or other law enforcement agency, or from obtaining medical assistance or making a report to any Tribal, State or Federal law enforcement official, has committed the crime of interfering with the reporting of domestic violence or family violence.

Interfering with the reporting of domestic violence or family violence is a Class E offense. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.330 Interfering with the prosecution of domestic violence or family violence.

Any person who prevents or attempts to prevent a witness from testifying in a Court proceeding, or otherwise impedes the prosecution of a case involving domestic violence or family violence, has committed the crime of interfering with the prosecution of domestic violence or family violence.

Interfering with the prosecution of domestic violence or family violence is a Class E offense. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.340 Powers and duties of Prosecutor.

The Prosecutor shall indicate in the charging document that the defendant is being accused of a crime of domestic violence or family violence. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.350 Communication with victim.

In every case in which a person is arrested for or charged with a crime under this chapter, the Prosecutor shall endeavor to maintain contact with the victim throughout the criminal proceedings, with particular attention to the following:

(1) Hearing Dates, Continuances, Sentencing. The Prosecutor shall assure that the victim is informed of all hearing dates and continuances and of the right to address the Court at any hearing, in person or in writing, regarding the various impacts of the criminal offense on the victim, the risk of further acts of domestic violence or family violence, and the conditions of sentence necessary to ensure the safety of the victim and the victim’s family and household members.

(2) Prosecutorial Decisions. The Prosecutor shall inform the victim of every major prosecutorial decision, including a decision to decline prosecution of the crime, to dismiss the charges, or to enter into a plea agreement, within five Court days of the decision and should include available resources for the victim.

(3) Restitution. The Prosecutor shall obtain information from the victim regarding costs and losses sustained as a result of the defendant’s act(s) of domestic violence or family violence and shall seek restitution for the victim. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.360 Dismissals disfavored.

The Tulalip Tribes does not favor dismissal of domestic violence or family violence charges, thus when the Prosecutor moves to dismiss a domestic violence or family violence charge against a defendant, the Prosecutor shall provide specific reasons for the dismissal to the Court. If the dismissal is based on the unavailability of the alleged victim or any witness, the Prosecutor shall indicate why such person(s) are unavailable and why the case cannot be prosecuted without the individuals. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.370 Violation of no contact order.

(1) A person commits the offense of violation of a no contact order by knowingly violating any provision of a no contact order.

(2) Violation of a no contact order subjects the defendant to criminal penalties under this chapter. Any defendant who is found guilty of violating the terms of a no contact order may also, subject to the Court’s discretion, be held in contempt of court, and the Court may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

(a) Violation of a no contact order is a Class E offense.

(b) A third or subsequent violation of a no contact order is a Class F offense.

4.25.380 Violation of protection order.

(1) A person commits the offense of violation of a protection order by knowingly violating any provision of a protection order.

(2) Violation of any protection order subjects the respondent to criminal penalties under this chapter. Any respondent who is found guilty of violating the terms of a protection order may also, subject to the Court’s discretion, be held in contempt of court, and the Court may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

(a) Violation of a protection order is a Class E offense.

(b) A third or subsequent violation of a protection order is a Class F offense.

4.25.390 Crime of stalking.

(1) A person commits the crime of stalking if, without lawful authority:

(a) He or she intentionally and repeatedly harasses or repeatedly follows another person; and

(b) The person being harassed or followed is placed in fear that the stalker intends to injure the person, another person, or property of the person or of another person. The fear must be one that a reasonable person would experience under the same circumstances; and

(i) Intends to frighten, intimidate, or harass the person; or

(ii) Knows or reasonably should know that the person is afraid, intimidated, or harassed even if the stalker did not intend to place the person in fear or intimidate or harass the person.

(2) It is not a defense to the crime of stalking:

(a) Under subsection (1)(c)(i) of this section, that the stalker was not given actual notice that the person did not want the stalker to contact or follow the person; or

(b) Under subsection (1)(c)(ii) of this section, that the stalker did not intend to frighten, intimidate, or harass the person.

(3) Attempts to contact or follow the person after being given actual notice that the person does not want to be contacted or followed constitute prima facie evidence that the stalker intends to intimidate or harass the person.

(4) A person who stalks another person is guilty of a Class E offense except that the person is guilty of a Class F offense if any of the following applies:

(a) The stalker has previously been convicted in the Tribal Court, in Washington State or any other state of any crime of harassment, as defined in TTC 3.15.160 or RCW 9A.46.060 or similar statute of another jurisdiction;

(b) The stalking violates any protective order protecting the person being stalked;

(c) The stalker has previously been convicted of an offense under this section or of a gross misdemeanor or felony stalking offense under Federal or Washington State law;

(d) The stalker was armed with a dangerous weapon while stalking the person;

(e) The stalker’s victim is or was a law enforcement officer, judge, juror, attorney, victim advocate or children’s advocate, legislator, or community corrections officer, probation officer or staff and the stalker stalked the victim to retaliate against the victim for an act the victim performed during the course of official duties or to influence the victim’s performance of official duties; or

(f) The stalker’s victim is a current, former, or prospective witness in an adjudicative proceeding, and the stalker stalked the victim to retaliate against the victim as a result of the victim’s testimony or potential testimony.

(5) As used in this section:

(a) “Follows” means deliberately maintaining visual or physical proximity to a specific person over a period of time. A finding that the alleged stalker repeatedly and deliberately appears at the person’s home, school, place of employment, business, or any other location to maintain visual or physical proximity to the person is sufficient to find that the alleged stalker follows the person. It is not necessary to establish that the alleged stalker follows the person while in transit from one location to another.

(b) “Harasses” for the purpose of this section means engaging in a knowing and willful course of conduct directed at a specific person that seriously alarms, annoys, or is detrimental to such person, and that serves no legitimate or lawful purpose. The course of conduct shall be such as would cause a reasonable person to suffer substantial emotional distress, and shall actually cause substantial emotional distress to the victim, or, when the course of conduct is contact by a person over age 18 of a minor child, that would cause a reasonable parent to fear for the well-being of that child.

(c) “Protective order” means any temporary or permanent Court order prohibiting or limiting violence against, harassment of, contact or communication with, or physical proximity to another person, including but not limited to a domestic violence protection order issued pursuant to TTC 4.25.480, no contact order issued pursuant to TTC 4.25.250(2), sexual assault protection order pursuant to TTC 4.25.850 or any successor codes to these sections.

(d) “Repeatedly” means two or more times. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.7, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.070].

4.25.400 Advocates – Present during prosecution or defense interviews.

If requested by the victim, and if the presence of the advocate does not cause any unnecessary delay in the investigation or prosecution of the case, an advocate of the victim’s choosing shall be present at any interview with the victim and at any judicial proceeding related to criminal acts committed against the victim. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.410 Victim rights.

Notwithstanding other provisions of the Tulalip Tribal Code, a victim of a crime under the laws of the Tulalip Tribes shall have the following rights:

(1) The right to be reasonably protected from the accused.

(2) The right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any public Court proceeding, or any probation proceeding, involving the crime or of any release or escape of the accused.

(3) The right not to be excluded from any such public Court proceeding, unless the Court, after receiving clear and convincing evidence, determines that testimony by the victim would be materially altered if the victim heard other testimony at that proceeding.

(4) The right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in Court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding.

(5) The reasonable right to confer with the Prosecutor in the case.

(6) The right to full and timely restitution as provided in law.

(7) The right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay.

(8) The right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy.

(9) The victim has the right to provide a victim impact statement if there is a nexus to the immediate crime or a related or underlying crime.

A victim impact statement is a written or oral statement given to the sentencing judge by the victim. Such statements may include the impact of the crime on the victim, and how the crime affected the victim psychologically, financially, and physically. The Prosecutor shall assist the victim to provide this statement. The Court shall make all reasonable efforts to accommodate the participation of the victim at the sentencing hearing, being mindful of the unique emotional and psychological barriers victims may experience when facing a perpetrator in Court. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.15, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.150].

4.25.420 Habitual domestic violence or family violence offender.

Any person with two or more convictions for crimes of domestic violence or family violence shall be deemed an habitual domestic violence or family violence offender and any subsequent violation shall be a Class F offense, except where inconsistent with Federal laws. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.430 Assaulting Legacy of Healing or Children’s Advocacy Center staff.

Any written or verbal threat or any assault upon a person acting in an official or professional capacity in the protection of victims of domestic violence or family violence, sexual assault, stalking or dating violence shall be considered to be an assault of the most serious nature and a Class E offense. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.440 Probation – Modifications of conditions.

Upon violation of a judgment and sentencing order, the Court may modify, reduce, or enlarge the conditions of probation at any time prior to the expiration or termination of the term of probation and the provisions applicable to the initial setting of the conditions of probation. However, the Court may not set aside or modify the requirement to complete domestic violence perpetrator’s treatment without notice to the Prosecutor and a hearing. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.450 Reserved.

[Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.460 Violations by juveniles – Mandatory arrest.

(1) Whenever a Police Officer has grounds under TTC 4.25.150 or 4.25.200 to arrest a person who is a juvenile, the officer shall arrest the juvenile as provided in this chapter, and the provisions of this chapter shall govern the arrest and all subsequent proceedings.

(2) A juvenile held in custody under this chapter shall be held in any of the following places:

(a) Juvenile detention facility.

(b) Juvenile halfway home.

(3) All civil and criminal proceedings against a juvenile under this chapter shall be within the jurisdiction of the Tribal Court rather than the Juvenile Court.

(4) The arrest and prosecution of a juvenile under this chapter does not bar proceedings in an appropriate Juvenile Court.

(5) A petition for a protection order under TTC 4.25.470 may be filed against a juvenile who is alleged to have committed an act of domestic violence, and the provisions of this chapter shall govern all subsequent proceedings in the action. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.9, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.090].

Article V. Civil Remedies and Actions

4.25.470 Civil protection order.

Purpose. A person may seek a protection order whether or not the person has contacted law enforcement officers to report a crime, but such persons should be referred to law enforcement officers in the event that crime has been committed. It is the policy of the Tribes that temporary protection orders may be issued without prior notice to the respondent to ensure the immediate protection of the victim and any family or household member, and to prevent further violence. Orders may be modified or extended, with or without prior notice to the respondent or a hearing, consistent with this purpose. Relief under this chapter may not be denied or delayed on the grounds that the relief is available in another action. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.480 Persons authorized to file.

(1) A petition to obtain a protection order under this section may be filed by:

(a) Any person claiming to be the victim of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence or stalking; or

(b) Any family member or household member of a minor or vulnerable adult alleged to be the victim of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence or stalking on behalf of the minor or vulnerable adult; or

(d) Any person acting in an official capacity in the protection of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence or stalking survivors including but not limited to Legacy of Healing staff, elder abuse case managers or advocates, Child Advocacy Center, therapists, beda?chelh case managers on behalf of a child, or other advocate acting in a professional capacity. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.11, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.110(1)(a)].

4.25.490 Petition for protection order or modification.

(1) A petition shall allege the existence of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence, or stalking, and shall be supported by an affidavit made under oath stating the specific facts and circumstances justifying the requested order.

(2) A petition may be filed regardless of the pendency of any other civil or criminal proceeding related to the allegations in the petition.

(3) No filing fee shall be required for the filing of a petition under this section. If an alleged perpetrator has been arrested for the offense of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence or stalking, the Court or the arresting Police Officer shall advise the alleged victim of the right to file a petition under this section without cost.

(4) The petitioner, or the victim on whose behalf a petition has been filed, is not required to file for annulment, separation, or divorce as a prerequisite to obtaining a protection order. However, the petition shall state whether any other action is pending between the petitioner or victim and the respondent.

(5) The Court shall make available standard, simplified petition forms and instructional brochures with instructions for completion. The Tulalip Police Department and the Tribal Court shall make such forms available upon request to victims of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence, or stalking.

(6) Once a petition has been filed, the Court Clerk shall conduct a criminal background check according to Court policy and attach the report(s) to the petition. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.11, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.110(1)(b) – (f)].

4.25.500 Procedure for issuance of a protection order.

Upon the filing of a petition for a protection order, the Court shall evaluate the petition for protection and, when deciding whether or not to grant an ex parte temporary protection order, err on protecting the petitioner and any other family members during this initial process, and:

(1) Immediately grant an ex parte protection order without bond if, based on the specific facts stated in the affidavit, the Court has probable cause to believe that the petitioner or the person on whose behalf the petition has been filed is the victim of an act of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence, or stalking committed by the respondent, and issuance of the ex parte order is necessary to protect the victim from further abuse.

(2) Cause an ex parte protection order, together with notice of hearing, to be made immediately available to the petitioner for service by a Police Officer, Court Officer, or other authorized person.

(3) The Court may hold the record open and request additional information if the submitted information is insufficient at the time of filing. The record must be completed within 72 hours and at that time the order granted or denied.

(4) Hold a hearing within 14 days after the granting of the ex parte temporary protection order to determine whether the temporary order should be vacated, extended, or modified in any respect, or made a permanent order of protection with or without an expiration date.

(a) At the hearing, both parties may testify, and the Court will review the record and may consider other relevant evidence. Copies of any writings, declarations, affidavits or other documentary evidence entered as exhibits must be provided to the other party. Rules of evidence may be relaxed in these proceedings and testimony is not required.

(5) Once granted, the protection order may not be dismissed without a Court hearing.

(6) If an ex parte order is not granted, serve notice upon both parties to appear in Tribal Court and hold a hearing on the petition for protection order within 72 hours after the filing of the petition; if notice of hearing cannot be personally served, notice shall be provided consistent with TTC Title 2. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2015-307; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.11, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.110(2)].

4.25.510 Contents of a protection order.

An ex parte protection order or a protection order entered after notice and hearing may, when deemed appropriate by the Court, include provisions:

(1) Restraining the respondent from committing acts of domestic violence, family violence, dating violence, or stalking.

(2) Excluding the respondent from the residence, workplace, school, and grounds of dwelling of the victim or other specific location where the victim can be found on a regular basis, whether or not the respondent and the victim share that residence.

(3) Restraining the respondent from any contact with the victim and his or her family or household members as is necessary for their safety and welfare.

(4) Awarding temporary custody or establishing temporary visitation rights with regard to minor children of the respondent on a basis that gives primary consideration to the safety of the claimed victim of domestic violence and the minor children.

(a) In every proceeding where there is at issue a dispute as to the custody of a minor child, a determination by the Court that domestic violence or family violence has occurred raises a rebuttable presumption that it is detrimental to the child and not in the best interest of the child to be placed in sole custody, joint legal custody, or joint physical custody with the perpetrator of domestic violence or family violence.

(b) In every proceeding where there is at issue a dispute as to the custody of a minor child, a determination by the Court that domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, or stalking has occurred raises a rebuttable presumption that it is in the best interest of the child to reside with the parent who is not a perpetrator of domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, or stalking in the location of that parent’s choice.

(c) In every proceeding where there is at issue the modification of an order for custody or visitation of a minor child, the finding that domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, or stalking has occurred since the last custody determination constitutes a finding of a change in circumstances.

(d) If the Court finds that the safety of the claimed victim or the minor children will be jeopardized by unsupervised or unrestricted visitation, the Court shall set forth conditions or restrict visitation as to the time, place, duration, or supervision, or deny visitation entirely, as needed, to guard the safety of the claimed victim and the minor children.

(e) In determining custody and/or visitation, the Court must consider the perpetrator’s history of causing physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or causing reasonable fear of physical harm, bodily injury, or assault to another person.

(f) If a parent is absent or relocated because of an act of domestic violence or family violence by the other parent, the absence or relocation is not a factor that weighs against the parent in determining custody or visitation.

(g) Any temporary custody order shall provide for child support and temporary support for the person having custody of the children, in amounts deemed proper by the Court.

(h) In a visitation order, the Court may:

(i) Order an exchange of a minor child to occur in a protected setting;

(ii) Order that visitation be supervised by another person or agency at the perpetrator of domestic violence or family violence’s expense;

(iii) Order the perpetrator of domestic violence or family violence to attend and complete, to the satisfaction of the Court, a program of intervention for perpetrators or other designated counseling as a condition of the visitation;

(iv) Order the perpetrator of domestic violence or family violence to abstain from possession or consumption of alcohol, controlled substances or abuse of prescription drugs during the visitation and for 24 hours preceding the visitation and may order submission of a UA prior to the visit;

(v) Prohibit overnight visitation;

(vi) Require a Court-approved bond from the perpetrator of domestic violence or family violence for the return and safety of the minor child; and

(vii) Impose any other condition that is deemed necessary to provide for the safety of the minor child, the victim of domestic violence or family violence, or other family or household member.

(i) Whether or not visitation is allowed, the Court may order the address of the minor child and the victim to be kept confidential.

(j) The Court may refer but may not order an adult who is a victim of domestic violence or family violence to attend counseling relating to the victim’s status or behavior as a victim, as a condition of receiving custody of a minor child or as a condition of visitation.

(k) If the Court allows a family or household member to supervise visitation, the Court must establish, in writing, conditions to be followed during visitation.

(l) The Court shall notify the restrained party that the willful violation of any provision of the protection order is a criminal offense and punishable by imprisonment and/or a fine.

(5) Ordering temporary guardianship with regard to an elderly or vulnerable adult victim of domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, or stalking if necessary for the safety of the elderly or vulnerable adult until the matter can be addressed through an action pursuant to Chapter 4.30 TTC.

(6) Awarding temporary use and possession of property of the respondent.

(7) Restraining one or both parties during the pendency of the action from transferring, encumbering, concealing, or disposing of property except as authorized by the Court and requiring that an accounting shall be made to the Court for all such transfers, encumbrances, dispositions, and expenditures.

(8) Ordering the respondent to timely pay any existing debts of the petitioner, including mortgage or rental payments, necessary to maintain the claimed victim in his/her residence.

(9) Describing any prior orders of the Court relating to domestic matters which are superseded or altered by the protection order.

(10) Notifying the parties that the willful violation of any provision of the order constitutes contempt of court punishable by a fine or imprisonment or both and constitutes a violation of this code for which civil penalties may be assessed.

(11) If the victim or alleged victim is awarded temporary use of the house and is listed on the rental agreement, the landlord, including Tribal housing, shall at the request of the petitioner change the locks within 24 business hours of issuance of the order.

(12) Ordering law enforcement to assist the victim in removing essential personal effects from a shared home.

(13) Order that the respondent may not come within 500 feet of the Legacy of Healing building or safe house, regardless of whether the victim is there.

(14) Ordering, in the Court’s discretion, any other lawful relief as it deems necessary for the protection of any claimed or potential victim of domestic violence or family violence, including orders or directives to the Tulalip Police Department. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.11, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.110(3)].

4.25.520 Duration of permanent protection order and modification.

(1) The provisions of the order shall remain in effect for the period of time stated in the order, not to exceed one year unless extended by the Court at the request of any party or at the request of the Legacy of Healing program.

(2) The Court in its discretion may upon request of either party or the Legacy of Healing program modify a protection order.

(3) By the Petitioner. Before the Court may modify or reconsider a protection order at the request of the petitioner, if children live in the home, the Court may require petitioner to attend a domestic violence support group, with a session focused on the effects of domestic violence on children.

(4) By the Respondent. Before the Court may modify or reconsider a protection order at the request of the respondent, he or she shall provide the Court with all pertinent documents, affidavits, compliance forms or any other information required by the Court for either reconsideration or modification of protection orders. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.11, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.110(4)].

4.25.530 Service of temporary protection order.

Temporary protection orders are to be served personally upon the respondent by a Police Officer, officer of the Court, or other authorized person within 48 hours if possible. If the respondent cannot be located, the order shall be mailed by certified mail with return receipt requested and regular mail to the respondent’s last known address. If by the first Court hearing service is not achieved, then notice shall be issued by publication in accordance with Chapter 2.10 TTC. If respondent has been served with notice of the hearing and fails to appear, the petitioner has no further requirement to serve the respondent with the final order entered by the Court at the hearing. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.12, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365)].

4.25.540 Copy to the Police Department and other jurisdictions.

Every protection order issued pursuant to this chapter shall be forwarded by fax or email by the Clerk of Courts within 24 hours to the Tulalip Tribes Police Department, Tulalip Tribes Prosecutor’s Office, or any other necessary jurisdiction for entry into the National and State Data Systems. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2018-325; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.17, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.170].

4.25.550 Reserved.

[Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.560 Firearms disqualification.

Purpose. It shall be the purpose of this section to prohibit any person who has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor crime of domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence, as defined under the laws of the Tulalip Tribes; who is subject to a protection order based upon a finding that the person represents a credible threat to the physical safety of the victim; who is subject to a criminal no contact order entered in Tulalip Tribal Court or any court of competent jurisdiction; who has been found mentally incompetent to stand trial; or who has been committed for mental health reasons after a domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence offense, from possessing a firearm or ammunition.

(1) It shall be unlawful for any person to possess a firearm or ammunition, as defined by Chapter 3.50 TTC, who:

(a) Is subject to any Court order from a court of competent jurisdiction that restrains such person from harassing, stalking, threatening, having contact or assaulting an intimate partner or family member as defined in this chapter or engaging in any other conduct that would place an intimate partner or family member in reasonable fear of physical harm to the intimate partner or family member, except that this subsection shall apply only to those orders that:

(i) Were issued at a hearing at which such person was present and had the opportunity to participate; or at a hearing of which such person had notice and the opportunity to be heard, whether or not the person was present;

(ii) Include a finding that such person represents a credible threat to the physical safety of such household or family member; and

(iii) By its terms explicitly prohibits the use, attempted use or threatened use of physical force against such household or family member.

(b) Has been convicted under the law of any state, territory, possession, tribe, or United States military tribunal of any crime involving domestic violence or family violence, as defined by the laws of the Tulalip Tribes, which involved the use or attempted use of physical force, or the threatened use of physical force, or the threatened use of a deadly weapon against an intimate partner or family member as defined by this chapter.

(2) Violation of this section is a Class F offense pursuant to Chapter 3.50 TTC and may result in exclusion from the Tulalip Indian Reservation as defined within Chapter 2.40 TTC. Any violations of related domestic violence or family violence sentences in this section or any violations of other sections of this chapter shall be served consecutively. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2018-325; Res. 2017-327; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.14, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.140].

Article VI. Special Rules of Court and Other Issues

4.25.570 Secure waiting area.

Whenever practical, the Court shall provide a secure waiting area or bailiff supervision prior to and during Court proceedings for a victim, and his or her family, of domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, dating violence, or stalking, which will not require them to be in close proximity to the defendant or their families or friends. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.580 Fees not permitted.

A public agency may not charge a fee for filing or preparation of certified, authenticated, or exemplified copies to a person entitled to protection who seeks relief under this chapter or to a foreign prosecutor or a foreign law enforcement agency seeking to enforce a protection order. A person entitled to protection and foreign prosecutors or law enforcement agencies must be provided the necessary number of certified, authenticated, or exemplified copies at no cost. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.26, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.260].

4.25.590 Child custody disputes.

(1) Any disputes regarding provisions in foreign protection orders dealing with custody of children, residential placement of children, or visitation with children shall be resolved judicially. The proper venue and jurisdiction for such judicial proceedings shall be determined in accordance with Chapter 4.20 TTC or its successor, the Uniform Child-Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, and be in accordance with the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act, 28 U.S.C. 1738A.

(2) A police officer shall not remove a child from his or her current placement unless:

(a) A writ of habeas corpus to produce the child has been issued by the Tulalip Tribal Court, a superior court of this State, or another tribal court; or

(b) There is probable cause to believe that the child is abused or neglected and the child would be injured or could not be taken into custody if it were necessary to first obtain a Court order pursuant to Chapter 4.05 TTC. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.27, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.270].

4.25.600 Mediation not allowed.

Mediation is not allowed if a protection order is in effect unless mediation is requested by the victim of the alleged domestic violence after consultation with counsel or an advocate, and is provided by a certified mediator who is trained in domestic violence in a specialized manner intended to protect the safety of victims. The victim is permitted to have a support person of his or her choice, including but not limited to a Legacy of Healing advocate or other person, in attendance at the mediation. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.610 Domestic Violence Leave Act.

Purpose. Victims of domestic violence are often forced to flee from a perpetrator in order to avoid future danger and violence. In so fleeing, victims who are employed frequently miss days of employment and employers sometimes respond by terminating or disciplining such employees. It is the purpose of this chapter to preclude all Reservation employers from terminating any employee who can document within 14 days an instance of domestic abuse which contributed to his/her absence from employment. Employers have the option of granting such employees leave with or without pay because of domestic violence related absences. Absences are not to exceed 12 weeks.

An employee may take reasonable leave from work, intermittent leave, or leave on a reduced work schedule, with or without pay, to:

(1) Seek legal or law enforcement assistance or remedies to ensure the health and safety of the employee or employee’s family members including, but not limited to, preparing for, or participating in, any civil or criminal legal proceeding related to or derived from domestic violence or family violence, sexual assault, stalking or dating violence;

(2) Seek treatment by a health care provider for physical or mental injuries caused by domestic violence or family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence, or to attend to health care treatment for a victim who is the employee’s family member;

(3) Obtain or assist a family member in obtaining services from a domestic violence safe house, rape crisis center, or other social services program for relief from domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence;

(4) Obtain, or assist a family member in obtaining, mental health counseling related to an incident of domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking or dating violence, in which the employee or the employee’s family member was a victim of domestic violence or family violence, sexual assault, stalking or dating violence; or

(5) Participate in safety planning, temporarily or permanently relocate, or take other actions to increase the safety of the employee or employee’s family members from future domestic violence or family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.16, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.160].

4.25.620 Discharges for absence of employment due to domestic violence prohibited.

It shall be a violation of this chapter for any employer located within the exterior boundaries of the Tulalip Reservation to terminate or otherwise discipline any employee who has missed work or is tardy to work when such employee demonstrates, either through the filing of criminal or civil proceedings in a court of law or by such other method satisfactory to the employer, that he/she has been the victim of domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking or dating violence, and that such violence contributed to his/her absence(s) from work or tardiness to work. In lieu of disciplinary action, the employer shall grant the employee leave with or without pay, dependent upon the policies of the employer, for such absences. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.630 Penalty for violation.

Any employer who willfully violates this article shall be subject to a maximum civil penalty of up to $1,000 payable to the Tribes in addition to any other remedies the wrongfully discharged employee may have against the employer. Nothing in this article shall preclude a private party from commencing a wrongful termination action against an employer for violation of this article. Any funds collected for a violation of this article shall be used for Legacy of Healing. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

Article VII. Legacy of Healing and Children’s Advocacy Center

4.25.640 Reserved.

[Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.650 Reserved.

[Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.660 After hours contact.

The Legacy of Healing and Children’s Advocacy Center shall provide Tulalip Police Department with an after-hours contact number and/or person. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.670 Client records.

(1) Client records maintained by Legacy of Healing are confidential and shall not be subject to discovery in any judicial proceeding unless:

(a) A written pretrial motion is made to the Court stating that discovery is requested of the client’s domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence records, with notice to the agency and notice to the victim(s) affected by the disclosure of information;

(b) The written motion is accompanied by an affidavit or affidavits setting forth specifically the reasons why discovery is requested of the domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence program’s records;

(c) The Court reviews the domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence program’s records in camera to determine whether the domestic violence, family violence, sexual assault, stalking, or dating violence program’s records are relevant and whether the probative value of the records is outweighed by the victim’s privacy interest in the confidentiality of such records, taking into account the further trauma that may be inflicted upon the victim by the disclosure of the records; and

(d) The Court enters an order stating whether the records or any part of the records are discoverable and setting forth the basis for the Court’s findings; provided, that such a release does not violate the Violence Against Women Act codified at 18 U.S.C. 2265 and any subsequent act or amendment.

(2) For purposes of this section, “domestic violence program” means the Legacy of Healing program, or a program that provides a safe house, advocacy, or counseling services for victims of domestic violence or family violence, stalking or dating violence.

(3) For purposes of this section, “sexual assault program” means the Legacy of Healing program, or a program that provides safe house, advocacy, or counseling services for victims of sexual assault.

(4) Client records subject to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act are excluded from this section. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.680 Legacy of Healing and Children’s Advocacy Center – Safe zone.

Findings. To protect the health and safety of all adults and children inclusive of all genders and sexual orientation, parents, and families receiving services from the Legacy of Heating (LOH) and/or Children’s Advocacy Center (CAC) programs, it is the policy of the Tribes to provide a “safe zone” which is identified as the premises of Legacy of Healing and the Children’s Advocacy Center. LOH and/or CAC staff may contact the Office of Reservation Attorney (ORA) or Tulalip Police Department (TPD) to confirm whether or not an individual falls under one or more of the categories listed below and should be denied entry to the property. ORA and TPD may only inform the staff whether or not the individual is allowed and not the reasons why an individual may not be allowed on property.

(1) Staff will deny entrance to individuals in the following categories:

(a) Persons convicted of a domestic violence or family violence charge;

(b) Persons subject to an ongoing investigation of domestic violence, family violence, or sex offense or a pending criminal matter that involves a charge of domestic violence, family violence, or sex offense;

(d) Persons who are registered sex offenders or who would be required to register under Tribal, Federal, or State law;

(e) Persons deemed not competent to stand trial for a sex offense criminal charge or domestic violence or family violence criminal charge but whom the CAC deems a threat to children or other persons;

(f) Persons who are subject to a protection order whether civil or criminal as a respondent or defendant;

(g) Persons who are convicted of a crime against children; or

(h) At the discretion of the LOH/CAC Director a person may be denied entry per confidential information held by LOH/CAC with regard to domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse committed by the individual.

(2) Any LOH or CAC staff member shall seek the immediate removal by the Tulalip Police Department of any person identified who refuses to leave the premises of LOH or CAC or who refuses to provide requested identification. [Res. 2023-267; Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

Article VIII. Other Orders

4.25.690 Full faith and credit clause.

Purpose. The purpose of this section is to ensure compliance with the full faith and credit provision of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) as set forth in 18 U.S.C. 2265, as it may be amended from time to time, and to ensure that victims of domestic violence are able to move across State and Tribal boundaries without losing the ability to enforce protection orders they have previously obtained to increase their safety.

A foreign protection order is valid if the issuing court had jurisdiction over the parties and matter under the law of the state, territory, possession, Indian tribe, or United States military tribunal.

A person under restraint must be given reasonable notice and the opportunity to be heard before the protection order of the foreign state, territory, possession, Indian tribe or United States military tribunal was issued. In the case of an ex parte order, notice and opportunity to be heard must have been provided within a reasonable time after the order was issued, consistent with due process. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.21, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.210].

4.25.700 Filing a foreign protection order.

(1) A person entitled to protection who has a valid foreign protection order may file that order by presenting a certified, authenticated, or exemplified copy of the foreign protection order to a Clerk of the Tulalip Tribal Court. Any out-of-state department, agency, or court responsible for maintaining protection order records may by facsimile or electronic transmission send a reproduction of the foreign protection order to the Clerk of the Court as long as it contains a facsimile or digital signature by any person authorized to make such transmission.

(2) There shall be a presumption in favor of validity where a protection order appears authentic on its face.

(3) Filing of a foreign protection order with a court and entry of the foreign protection order into any computer-based criminal intelligence information system available in this State used by law enforcement agencies to list outstanding warrants are not prerequisites for enforcement of the foreign protection order.

(4) The Court shall accept the filing of a foreign protection order without a fee or cost.

(5) The Clerk of the Court shall provide information to a person entitled to protection of the availability of domestic violence, family violence, sexual abuse, stalking and dating violence or other services to victims in the community.

(6) The Clerk of the Court shall assist the person entitled to protection in completing an information form that must include, but need not be limited to, the following:

(a) The name of the person entitled to protection and any other protected parties;

(b) The name and address of the person who is subject to the restraint provisions of the foreign protection order;

(d) The date the foreign protection order expires;

(e) The relief granted under ______ (specify the relief awarded and citations thereto, and designate which of the violations are arrestable offenses);

(f) The judicial district and contact information of the court administration for the court in which the foreign protection order was entered;

(g) The Social Security number, date of birth, and description of the person subject to the restraint provisions of the foreign protection order;

(h) Whether the person who is subject to the restraint provisions of the foreign protection order is believed to be armed and dangerous;

(i) Whether the person who is subject to the restraint provisions of the foreign protection order was served with the order, and if so, the method used to serve the order;

(j) The type and location of any other legal proceedings between the person who is subject to the restraint provisions and the person entitled to protection;

(k) An inability to answer any of the above questions does not preclude the filing or enforcement of a foreign protection order.

(7) The Clerk of the Court shall provide the person entitled to protection with a copy bearing proof of filing with the Court.

(8) Any assistance provided by the Clerk under this section does not constitute the practice of law. The Clerk is not liable for any incomplete or incorrect information that he or she is provided. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.22, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.220].

4.25.710 Transmittal of filed foreign protection orders to law enforcement agency.

(1) The Clerk of the Court shall forward a copy of a foreign protection order that is filed under this chapter on or before the next judicial day to the Tulalip Tribes Police Department and County Sheriff along with the completed information form. The Clerk may forward the foreign protection order to the County Sheriff by facsimile or electronic transmission. Upon receipt of the filed foreign protection order, the Tulalip Police Department shall immediately enter the foreign protection order into any computer-based criminal intelligence information system available, listing outstanding warrants. The foreign protection order must remain in the computer for the period stated in the order. The Tulalip Police Department shall only expunge from the computer-based criminal intelligence information system foreign protection orders that are expired, vacated, or superseded. Entry into the computer-based intelligence information system constitutes notice to all law enforcement agencies of the existence of the foreign protection order. The foreign protection order is fully enforceable in any county in the State.

(2) The information entered into other computer-based criminal intelligence information systems must include, if available, notice to law enforcement whether the foreign protection order was served and the method of service. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.23, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.230].

4.25.720 Violation of foreign orders.

(1) Whenever a foreign protection order is granted to a person entitled to protection and the person under restraint knows of the foreign protection order, a violation of a provision prohibiting the person under restraint from contacting or communicating with another person, or of a provision excluding the person from a residence, workplace, school, or daycare, or of a provision prohibiting a person from knowingly coming within, or knowingly remaining within, a specified distance of a location, or a violation of any provision for which a foreign protection order specifically indicates that a violation will be a crime, shall subject the person to the same penalties as if the order were issued by the Tulalip Tribal Court in TTC 4.25.470.

(2) Upon conviction, and in addition to any other penalties provided by law, the Court may require the person under restraint to submit to electronic monitoring (global positioning system (GPS) or similar). The Court shall specify who will provide the electronic monitoring services, and the terms under which the monitoring will be performed. The order also may include a requirement that the person under restraint pay the costs of the monitoring. The Court shall consider the ability of the convicted person to pay for electronic monitoring.

(3) A peace officer shall arrest without a warrant and take into custody a person when the peace officer has probable cause to believe that a foreign protection order has been issued of which the person under restraint has knowledge and the person under restraint has violated a provision of the foreign protection order for which the foreign protection order specifically indicates that a violation will be a crime. Presence of the order in the law enforcement computer-based criminal intelligence information system is not the only means of establishing knowledge of the order. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2014-116; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.24, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.240].

4.25.730 Police/peace officer immunity.

No Police Officer, peace officer, or officer’s legal advisor shall be held criminally or civilly liable for making an arrest under this chapter if the Police Officer, peace officer, or the officer’s legal advisor acted in good faith and without malice. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Ord. 117 § 1.25, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.250].

4.25.740 Harassment.

Purpose. The Tulalip Tribes finds that the prevention of harassment is important to the health, safety and general welfare of the Tribal community. This chapter is intended to provide victims with a speedy and inexpensive method of obtaining civil harassment protection orders preventing all further unwanted contact between the victim and the perpetrator. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.B, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.300].

4.25.750 Harassment protection order.

For the purpose of this section, “harassment protection order” means a Court order restricting a person from harassing, threatening, contacting, or approaching another specified person for a period of time. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.760 Temporary harassment protection order.

For the purpose of this section, “temporary harassment protection order” means a Court order restricting a person from harassing, threatening, contacting, or approaching another specified person not longer than 14 days. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.770 Petition for an harassment protection order.

There shall exist an action known as petition for harassment protection order for cases of harassment. The requirements for obtaining such an order are as follows:

(1) A petition to obtain an harassment protection order under this section may be filed by any person claiming to be the victim of harassment or made by a parent, guardian, or beda?chelh if the child is a ward of the Court, on behalf of the child.

(a) A petition for relief may be made regardless of whether or not there is a pending lawsuit, criminal complaint, petition, or other action between the parties, except that a parent may not petition for an harassment protection order on behalf of his or her child against the child’s other parent. Petitioner and respondent shall disclose the existence of any other litigation or of any other restraining, protection, or no contact orders between the parties. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.D, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.320].

4.25.780 Contents of a petition for harassment protection order.

(1) A petition for relief shall allege the existence of harassment and shall be accompanied by a statement made under penalty of perjury stating the specific facts and circumstances from which relief is sought.

(2) The Court shall make simplified petition forms and instructional brochures available. Any information provided by clerks under this section does not constitute the practice of law and clerks are not responsible for incorrect information contained in a petition.

(3) Civil filing fees shall apply for filing of a petition under this section, unless the Court makes a finding upon due inquiry that the petitioner lacks the financial resources to pay filing fees.

(4) No bond is required to obtain relief in any proceeding under this section.

(5) The parent, guardian of a child under age 18, or beda?chelh if the child is a ward of the Court may petition for an harassment protection order to restrain a person age 18 years or over from contact with that child upon a showing that contact with the person to be restrained is detrimental to the welfare of the child. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.D, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.320(2), (3), (5) – (7)].

4.25.790 Harassment protection order ex parte.

(1) Upon filing a petition for an harassment protection order under this section, the petitioner may obtain an ex parte temporary harassment protection order with or without serving notice upon the respondent by filing a statement made under penalty of perjury which, to the satisfaction of the Court, shows evidence of harassment of the petitioner by the respondent, and that continued harassment may result if the temporary harassment protection order is not granted.

(2) An ex parte temporary harassment protection order shall be effective for a fixed period not to exceed 14 days. A full hearing, as provided in this chapter, shall be set for not later than 14 days from the issuance of the temporary order. The respondent shall be personally served with a copy of the ex parte temporary harassment protection order along with a copy of the petition and notice of the date set for the hearing. If service is not possible, the Court may authorize service according to Chapter 2.10 TTC or its successor code. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2014-222; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.E, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.330(1), (2)].

4.25.800 Permanent harassment protection order.

(1) At the hearing within 14 calendar days after the granting of the ex parte harassment protection order, a permanent order shall be issued prohibiting such harassment if the Court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that harassment exists or has occurred. Otherwise, the temporary harassment protection order shall expire on its own terms. If the respondent does not appear, the petitioner must demonstrate that he or she effected proper service, and a default judgment will be entered.

(2) An order issued under this section shall be effective for not more than one year unless the Court finds that any future contact with petitioner would result in the harm from which the petitioner originally sought protection. If the Court so finds, the Court may enter an order to a fixed time exceeding one year or may enter a permanent harassment protection order.

(3) In the event that a respondent fails to appear for a hearing and the petitioner cannot demonstrate service upon him or her, the Court may grant a second ex parte temporary harassment protection order to the same petitioner enjoining the same respondent and order alternate service according to Chapter 2.10 TTC or its successor code. If an officer investigates an alleged violation of an order issued pursuant to this chapter and service has not been effected prior to contact, the officer shall provide service as described herein and within the next day file proof of service with the Court.

(4) At any time within three months prior to the expiration of the order, the petitioner may apply for a renewal of the order by filing a motion for renewal with the Court. The motion for renewal shall state the reasons why he or she seeks to renew the order. Upon receipt of the motion for renewal, the Court shall order a hearing which shall be held within 14 days from the date of motion. The Court shall grant the motion for renewal unless the respondent proves by preponderance of evidence that he will not resume harassment of the petitioner when the order expires. The Court may renew the harassment protection order for another fixed period or may enter a permanent order.

(5) The Court, in granting an harassment protection order, shall have broad discretion to grant such relief as the Court deems proper including but not limited to:

(a) Restraining the respondent from making attempts to contact the petitioner and all persons listed in the petition.

(b) Restraining the respondent from making any attempts to monitor the petitioner by actual or electronic surveillance.

(c) Requiring the respondent to stay a specified minimum distance from the petitioner’s residence, workplace, and/or school. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.E, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.330(3) – (7)].

4.25.810 Notice to local law enforcement agencies – Enforceability.

(1) A copy of an harassment protection order granted under this chapter shall be forwarded by the Clerk of the Court on or before the next judicial day to the Tulalip Police Department or appropriate law enforcement agency. Upon receipt of the order, the Police Department shall enter the order into the computer-based criminal intelligence information system currently in use by the Department to list outstanding warrants. The Police Department shall expunge expired orders from the computer system. Entry into the information system constitutes notice to the Police Department of the existence of the order.

(2) If an officer investigates an alleged violation of an order issued pursuant to this chapter and service has not been effected prior to contact, the officer shall provide service as described herein and within the next day file proof of service with the Court. Law enforcement shall update the criminal information system to reflect that service has been effected. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.F, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.340].

4.25.820 Contempt and violation of harassment protection order – Penalties.

(1) A person commits the offense of violation of an harassment protection order by knowingly violating any provision of an harassment protection order.

(2) Any respondent who is found guilty of violating the terms of the harassment protection order may also, subject to the Court’s discretion, be held in civil contempt of court, and the Court may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate.

(3) Violation of an harassment protection order is a Class D offense.

(4) Third or subsequent violation of an harassment protection order is a Class E offense. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.G, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.350].

4.25.830 Full faith and credit.

(1) Harassment protection orders issued by the Tulalip Tribal Court will be enforceable throughout the State of Washington pursuant to RCW 13.34.240, if pertaining to a child under 18, or Washington Civil Rule 82.5(c), provided it does not violate policy.

(2) To ensure that harassment protection orders issued by the Tulalip Tribal Court are enforced outside of the boundaries of the Reservation, harassment protection orders issued in the courts of the State of Washington will be enforced within the boundaries of the Tulalip Reservation.

(3) Notice of reciprocal enforcement pursuant to this section shall be printed on all harassment protection orders issued by the Court. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379; Res. 2004-232; Ord. 117 § 1.29.H, 11-5-2001 (Res. 2001-365). Formerly 4.25.360].

4.25.840 Sexual assault protection order.

Purpose. The Tulalip Tribes finds that there are times when a victim of a sexual assault or unwanted sexual contact is neither an intimate partner nor family member, thus does not qualify for the protections from these types of orders. Nevertheless, the victim deserves all the protections afforded within this chapter because the alleged sexual assault or unwanted sexual contact is such a heinous incident that goes to the heart of the health, safety and general welfare of the Tulalip Tribal community; therefore, a protection order provided under this chapter is to protect those that have been sexually assaulted. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.850 Persons authorized to file.

A petition for a sexual assault protection order may be filed by a person:

(1) Who does not qualify for a domestic violence or family violence protection order and who is a victim of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration, including a single incident of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration; or

(2) On behalf of any of the following persons who is a victim of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration and who does not qualify for a domestic violence or family violence protection order:

(a) A minor child; or

(b) A vulnerable adult as defined in Chapter 4.30 TTC; or

(c) Any other adult who, because of age, disability, health, or inaccessibility, cannot file the petition. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.860 Petition for sexual assault protection order.

There shall exist an action known as a petition for a sexual assault protection order.

(1) A petition for relief shall allege the existence of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration, and shall be accompanied by an affidavit made under oath stating the specific statements or actions made at the same time of the sexual assault or subsequently thereafter which give rise to a reasonable fear of future dangerous acts for which relief is sought. Petitioner and respondent shall disclose the existence of any other litigation or of any other restraining, protection, or no contact orders between the parties.

(2) A petition for relief may be made regardless of whether or not there is a pending lawsuit, criminal complaint, petition, or other action between the parties.

(3) Forms and instructional brochures and the necessary number of certified copies shall be provided to the petitioner free of charge.

(4) A person is not required to post a bond to obtain relief in any proceeding under this section.

(5) If the petition states that disclosure of the petitioner’s address would risk abuse of the petitioner or any member of the petitioner’s family or household, that address may be omitted from all documents filed with the Court. If the petitioner has not disclosed an address under this subsection, the petitioner shall designate an alternative address, such as the Legacy of Healing office, at which the respondent may serve notice of any motions. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.870 Emergency sexual assault protection order ex parte.

(1) An ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order shall issue if the petitioner, to the satisfaction of the Court, shows evidence of:

(a) The petitioner has been a victim of nonconsensual sexual conduct or nonconsensual sexual penetration by the respondent; and

(b) There is good cause to grant the remedy, regardless of the lack of prior service of process or of notice upon the respondent, because the harm which that remedy is intended to prevent would be likely to occur if the respondent were given any prior notice, or greater notice than was actually given, of the petitioner’s efforts to obtain judicial relief.

(2) If the Court declines to issue an ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order, the Court shall state the particular reasons for the Court’s denial and set a hearing on the petition. The Court’s denial of a motion for an ex parte temporary protection order shall be filed with the Court.

(3) A willful violation of a Court order issued under this section is punishable under the laws for the Tulalip Tribes and will subject the perpetrator to arrest.

(4) An ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order shall be effective for a fixed period not to exceed 14 days. A full hearing, as provided in this chapter, shall be set for not later than 14 days from the issuance of the temporary order. The respondent shall be personally served with a copy of the ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order along with a copy of the petition and notice of the date set for the hearing. If service is not possible, the Court may authorize service according to Chapter 2.10 TTC or its successor code.

(a) Any ex parte temporary sexual assault protection order issued under this section shall contain the date and time of issuance and the expiration date and shall be transmitted to the clerk of the court of the county in which the petitioner resides and to the Tulalip Police Department within one judicial day after issuance.

(5) Any ex parte temporary or final sexual assault protection order may be renewed one or more times, as necessary for victim safety. The petitioner may apply for renewal of the order by filing a petition for renewal at any time within the three months before the order expires. If the motion for renewal is uncontested and the petitioner seeks no modification of the order, the order may be renewed on the basis of the petitioner’s motion or affidavit stating that there has been no material change in relevant circumstances since entry of the order and stating the reason for the requested renewal. Renewals may be granted only in open court. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.880 Appointment of counsel.

The Court may appoint counsel to represent the petitioner. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.890 Sexual assault protection order – Duration.

(1) A final sexual assault protection order shall be effective for a fixed period of time, not to exceed two years, or shall be permanent. An order may be renewed prior to its expiration.

(2) Any sexual assault protection order which would expire on a Court holiday shall instead expire at the close of the next Court business day. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.900 Request for reconsideration or modification.

Upon motion with notice to all parties and after a hearing, the Court may modify the terms of an existing sexual assault protection order. In any situation where an order is terminated or modified before its expiration date, the Clerk of the Court shall, on or before the next judicial day, forward a true copy of the modified order or the termination order to the appropriate law enforcement agency specified in the modified or terminated order. Upon receipt of the order, the law enforcement agency shall promptly enter it in the computer-based criminal intelligence information system, or if the order is terminated, remove the order from the computer-based criminal intelligence information system. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.910 Reserved.

[Res. 2024-107 (Att. 1); Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.920 Penalties for violation of a sexual assault protection order.

A person commits the offense of violation of a sexual assault protection order by knowingly violating any term of a sexual assault protection order.

(1) Violation of a sexual assault protection order is a Class E offense.

(2) A third or subsequent violation of a sexual assault protection order is a Class F offense.

(3) Consent is not a defense to a charge of violation of a sexual assault protection order. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].

4.25.930 Full faith and credit.

(1) A sexual assault protection order issued by the Tulalip Tribal Court will be enforceable throughout the State of Washington pursuant to RCW 13.34.240, if pertaining to a child under 18, or Washington Civil Rule 82.5(c).

(2) To ensure that sexual assault protection orders issued by the Tulalip Tribal Court are enforced outside of the boundaries of the Reservation, sexual assault protection orders issued in the courts of the State of Washington, or a tribal court within the State of Washington, will be enforced within the boundaries of the Reservation.

(3) Notice of reciprocal enforcement pursuant to this section shall be printed on all sexual assault protection orders issued by the Court. [Res. 2021-002; Res. 2013-379].